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Thomas Jefferson
3rd President of the United States, author of the Declaration of Independence, and leader of the Democratic-Republican Party
McCulloch v Maryland
Supreme Court ruling that reinforced that federal laws overruled state laws.
Gibbons v Ogden
Supreme Court ruling that stated the Constitution gave the Federal government control of trade between states (interstate trade).
Marbury v Madison
Supreme Court ruling that established the principle of judicial review.
Era of Good Feelings
name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion
Cumberland Road
first road built by the U.S. government Also known as national road
judicial review
Power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional
Louisiana Purchase
1803 - The U.S. purchased the land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains from France for $15 million doubling the size of the U.S. and gaining control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
free enterprise
Economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference
Embargo of 1807
President Jefferson banned American trade with Europe hoping the embargo would force England and France to respect American neutrality but instead it seriously damaged the American economy
Fort McHenry
Fort in Baltimore Harbor unsuccessfully bombarded by the British in September 1814; Francis Scott Key witnessing the battle, was moved to write "The Star-Spangled Banner".
Monroe Doctrine
This told European nations to stay out of the Americas and any attempt for colonization would be consider a hostile act.
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty that ended the War of 1812 maintaining prewar conditions
John Marshall
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and author of the doctrine of judicial review
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory
Lewis and Clark
Sent by Jefferson to explore and gather information on the Louisiana Territory and map a route to the Pacific. They kept maps and records of this newly acquired land.
John Quincy Adams
6th president has hard time as president due to corrupt bargain.
Andrew Jackson
Hero of the battle of New Orleans and 7th president of the U.S.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law
Nullification crisis
Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void, challenging the power of the federal government.
Indian Removal Act
(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River
Trail of Tears (1838)
Forced march taken by Native Americans as they were relocated to Oklahoma; 20-25% perished before reaching Oklahoma
Worchester v Georgia
Supreme Court ruled that Georgia had no right to Cherokee land and that the land belonged to the Cherokee. Jackson took the land anyway.
Henry Clay
Known as the "Great Compromiser," he was responsible for the Missouri Compromise.
John C. Calhoun
South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification
American System
Henry Clay's plan for raising tariffs to pay for improvements such as better roads and canals.
Democratic Party
Political party formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson after the election of 1824. The beginning of the modern-day Democratic party.
Spoils System
the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.
Tariff of Abominations
Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South
Battle of New Orleans
Famous battle won by the Americans led by Andrew Jackson that took place after the War of 1812
Impressment
British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
Erie Canal
A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825.
Sectionalism
Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole
Tecumseh
A Shawnee chief who tried to unite Native American tribes against Americans from taking their land.
