new republic/age of jackson

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the United States, author of the Declaration of Independence, and leader of the Democratic-Republican Party

McCulloch v Maryland

Supreme Court ruling that reinforced that federal laws overruled state laws.

Gibbons v Ogden

Supreme Court ruling that stated the Constitution gave the Federal government control of trade between states (interstate trade).

Marbury v Madison

Supreme Court ruling that established the principle of judicial review.

Era of Good Feelings

name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion

Cumberland Road

first road built by the U.S. government Also known as national road

judicial review

Power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional

Louisiana Purchase

1803 - The U.S. purchased the land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains from France for $15 million doubling the size of the U.S. and gaining control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans

free enterprise

Economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference

Embargo of 1807

President Jefferson banned American trade with Europe hoping the embargo would force England and France to respect American neutrality but instead it seriously damaged the American economy

Fort McHenry

Fort in Baltimore Harbor unsuccessfully bombarded by the British in September 1814; Francis Scott Key witnessing the battle, was moved to write "The Star-Spangled Banner".

Monroe Doctrine

This told European nations to stay out of the Americas and any attempt for colonization would be consider a hostile act.

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty that ended the War of 1812 maintaining prewar conditions

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and author of the doctrine of judicial review

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory

Lewis and Clark

Sent by Jefferson to explore and gather information on the Louisiana Territory and map a route to the Pacific. They kept maps and records of this newly acquired land.

John Quincy Adams

6th president has hard time as president due to corrupt bargain.

Andrew Jackson

Hero of the battle of New Orleans and 7th president of the U.S.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law

Nullification crisis

Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void, challenging the power of the federal government.

Indian Removal Act

(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

Trail of Tears (1838)

Forced march taken by Native Americans as they were relocated to Oklahoma; 20-25% perished before reaching Oklahoma

Worchester v Georgia

Supreme Court ruled that Georgia had no right to Cherokee land and that the land belonged to the Cherokee. Jackson took the land anyway.

Henry Clay

Known as the "Great Compromiser," he was responsible for the Missouri Compromise.

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

American System

Henry Clay's plan for raising tariffs to pay for improvements such as better roads and canals.

Democratic Party

Political party formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson after the election of 1824. The beginning of the modern-day Democratic party.

Spoils System

the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.

Tariff of Abominations

Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South

Battle of New Orleans

Famous battle won by the Americans led by Andrew Jackson that took place after the War of 1812

Impressment

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

Erie Canal

A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825.

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

Tecumseh

A Shawnee chief who tried to unite Native American tribes against Americans from taking their land.