Synaptic Transmission and Nervous System Organization

These flashcards cover key concepts related to synaptic transmission, action potentials, and the organization of the nervous system, aiding in exam preparation.

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

The resting membrane potential is approximately -65 mV.

What maintains the resting membrane potential?

The resting membrane potential is maintained by membrane proteins, primarily the Na+/K+ pump.

What occurs during depolarization of a neuron's membrane?

During depolarization, the membrane becomes more positive as sodium ions (Na+) enter the cell.

Describe the action potential propagation process.

Action potentials propagate as a wave of depolarization along the axon; Na+ enters, causing a charge spread.

What is saltatory conduction?

Saltatory conduction is the rapid transmission of action potentials along myelinated axons, where the action potential 'jumps' from one node of Ranvier to the next.

How is a chemical signal transmitted between neurons?

Chemical signals between neurons are transmitted via neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft after an action potential triggers their release.

What are excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters?

Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood of an action potential, while inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease that likelihood.

What role do voltage-gated channels play in action potentials?

Voltage-gated channels open in response to changes in membrane potential, allowing ions to move across the membrane during action potentials.

What is summation in the context of neurons?

Summation refers to the additive nature of postsynaptic potentials, influencing whether an action potential is generated.

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).