Foundations of Language exam

Who was the author of the pre-scientific explanation of the origin of Language?

Otto Jespersen

Which theory of Otto Jespersen claims that the origins of language is the imitation of sounds in nature?

Bow-wow theory

Which theory of Otto Jespersen claims that the origins of Language is based on human interjections Myths of divine intervention and ancient mythology

Pooh-Pooh theory

Which theory of Otto Jespersen claims that the origins of Language is based on the human sounds during collective physical work

Yo-he-yo theory

What is the scientific explanations to the origins of language

Homo sapiens, the brain size and the larynx position

Study of the organisation of speech sounds (phones) in a language 

Phonology 

deals with the formation of new words and their structures

Word formation

the analysis of words and word structures

Morphology

Study of the organisation of speech sounds (phones) in a language

Phonology

a morpheme in an outwardly modified form where the meaning remains the same

Allomorph 

they are the smallest distinguishable entities in speech

Phonemes 

they are the smallest meaningful unit of language

morpheme 

Who developed the principles of transformational generative grammar ? and when 

Noam Chomsky in the 1950s-60s

symbols that indicate alternative ways of articulation

diacritics

close to negative sounds and in terms of development one of the first recognisable sounds

vowels 

are the aspects that relate to stress, accents and rhythm and prosody in general

suprasegmental 

By what are vowels defined ?

Height, frontness and rounding 

What are Lax vowels ?

happen when muscles are in a resting position

What represent the processes of speech production Respiration the best ?

The process of modifying air from the lungs for use in breathing and speaking

What represent the processes of speech production Phonatation the best ?

modification of airstream from the lungs by the movement in the laryngeal area

What represent the processes of speech production Articulation the best ?

the modification of the airstream from the lungs by various articulators

What do Open-close syllables end with?

there end with a tense vowel or a diphthong and only occur in closed syllables

The consonant “Plosive is best described by :

sound buildup of air from the lungs behind a barrier, followed by a sudden release of the pressurised air 

The consonant “Nasal” is best described by :

sound is produced by emission of air through the nasal cavity

The consonant “fricative” is best described by :

friction like noise created by the air steam escaping through a narrow orifice

The consonant “approximate” is best described by :

sound produced by the proximity of 2 articulators without turbulence

The consonant “lateral Approximate” is best described by :

sound produced by the proximity of 2 articulators without turbulence with addition of the lateral flow of the air stream from the oral cavity

What describes the best the place of articulation?

bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, postveolar, palatal, velar and glottal 

Syntactics structures by Noam Chomsky came out in

1957

Aspects of the theory of syntax by Noam Chomsky was released in

1965

Language and mind was published in

1972