1.3-1.5 Vocab AP Euro

Erasmus

(1466-1536) Dutch Humanist and friend of Sir Thomas More. Perhaps the most intellectual man in Europe, and widely respected. Believed the problems in the Catholic Church could be fixed; did not support the idea of a Reformation. Wrote Praise of Folly.

Christian Humanism

a movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance, combining classical learning to reform the catholic church

Patronage

Commissioning artwork to show wealth and prosperity, and/or to spread propaganda

Printing Press

The 15th-century invention, which revolutionized the ability to print information, in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself and allowed books to become cheaper. Allowed literacy rate to increase dramatically.

New Monarch

Centralization of power, creation of an efficient tax system, military control, Religious authority, and use of diplomacy and/or marriage alliances

Standing Army

a permanent army of professional soldiers who are paid to train to fight

Nation state

characterized by a sovereign monarch, a national identity, and a self-managing government

Royal Charters

A formal document issued by a monarch as letters patent, granting the right to colonize to an individual or a body corporate and allowing it to self-govern by paying the Crown

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

During the late 15th century, they became King and Queen of a united Spain after centuries of Islamic domination. Together, they made Spain a strong Christian nation and also provided funding to overseas exploration, notably Christopher Columbus.

Spanish Inquisition

A program ordered by the Spanish monarchy to investigate and eliminate heresy in the kingdom, to spread Catholic orthodoxy, and create a Kingdom that is united by religion

Tudor Dynasty

The dynasty that ruled England as a result of the War of the Roses, starting with King Henry VII

King Henry VIII of England

King of England from 1509 to 1547 and founder of the Church of England; he broke with the Catholic Church because the pope would not grant him a divorce. Consolidated all the nobles' power and stripped them of their private military.

Charles V

The Holy Roman Emperor and Carlos I of Spain attempted to maintain religious unity in Europe. He inherited Spain, the Netherlands, Southern Italy, Austria, and much of the Holy Roman Empire from his grandparents; he sought to stop Protestantism and increase the power of Catholicism. He allied with the pope to stamp out heresy and maintain religious unity in Europe. He was preoccupied with struggles with Turkey and France, and could not solely focus on the rise of Protestantism in Germany.

Act of Supremacy

Declared the king (Henry VIII) the supreme head of the Church of England in 1534.

Gutenberg

German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)

movable type

individual letters and marks that can be arranged and rearranged quickly

Realism

artistic representation that aims for visual accuracy.

Naturalism

a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail and the importance of nature within the art.