APUSH 11-12

Jeffersonian America

Jeffersonian America

The period in U.S. history from 1802 to 1812 characterized by Thomas Jefferson's presidency and the Democratic-Republican Party's rise to power.

Election of 1800

A pivotal election where Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams, marking the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the U.S.

Revolution of 1800

The term used to describe the peaceful transfer of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans, demonstrating the effectiveness of the constitutional system. No Federalist became president after this election.

Federalists in 1800

A political party that lost control of the presidency and Congress in the Election of 1800, attempting to maintain power through the judicial branch.

Judiciary Act of 1801

Legislation that created new judicial positions filled by Federalist candidates during the last days of John Adams' presidency, leading to the "midnight appointments."

Marbury vs Madison

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare federal laws unconstitutional.

Judicial Review

The power of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of federal laws, significantly expanding judicial power.

Thomas Jefferson

The first Democratic-Republican president who implemented policies such as reducing the national debt and military size, while maintaining some Federalist policies.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France for $15 million, which doubled the size of the United States and supported Jefferson's vision of an agrarian society.

James Monroe

The envoy sent by Jefferson to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans and part of Florida, ultimately leading to the Louisiana Purchase.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

A scientific exploration led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the newly acquired Louisiana territory and claim the Oregon Territory.

Aaron Burr

Jefferson's vice president who became embroiled in controversy, including a duel with Alexander Hamilton and a plot to secede New England states.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

A 1807 incident where the British ship Leopard attacked the American ship Chesapeake, leading to heightened tensions and the Embargo Act.

Embargo Act of 1807

A law enacted by Jefferson that banned all U.S. trade with foreign nations in response to violations of American neutrality, resulting in economic decline.

War of 1812

A conflict between the United States and Great Britain that resulted in increased nationalism and the Treaty of Ghent.

Era of Good Feelings

A period following the War of 1812 characterized by a rise in nationalism and the dominance of the Democratic-Republican Party.

James Monroe

The fifth President of the United States, elected in 1816, during the Era of Good Feelings.

Democratic-Republican Party

The political party that dominated the Era of Good Feelings, known for its focus on states' rights and agrarian interests.

Sectionalism

The growing division and conflict between different regions of the United States, particularly over issues like slavery and economic policy.

American System

A plan proposed by Henry Clay to unify the U.S. economy through tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

Tariff of 1816

The first protective tariff in the United States, designed to support American industry and manufacturing.

Second Bank of the United States

Established to ensure financial stability and provide credit, part of the American System.

Internal Improvements

Development of infrastructure such as roads and canals to enhance transportation and economic interdependence.

Erie Canal

A significant transportation project completed in 1825 that linked New York to the Midwest.

Missouri Compromise

A legislative agreement in 1820 that allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state, establishing a boundary for slavery.

Tallmadge Amendment

A proposed amendment that sought to gradually emancipate slaves in Missouri, highlighting tensions over slavery.

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of State under Monroe, known for his role in several key treaties and the Monroe Doctrine.

Rush-Bagot Treaty

An agreement between the U.S. and Britain that limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes.

Adams-Onis Treaty

A treaty in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.

Marshall Court

The Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall, known for establishing the principle of federal supremacy and judicial review.

Dartmouth College v

A landmark case that protected private contracts from state interference.

McCulloch v Maryland

A Supreme Court case that affirmed the federal government's implied powers and denied states the right to tax the national bank.

Gibbons v Odgens

A case that ruled that only the federal government had power over interstate commerce.