Psych Final Exam

Schizophrenia

A class of psychological disorders characterized by grossly impaired social, emotional, cognitive, and perceptual functioning.

Has Sensory perception issues, cognitive symptoms, social emotional issues, and motor symptoms.

What do we use to classify psychological disorders?

DSM 5(edition) 2013

Prosopagnosia

Face blindness

Guilty knowledge test

a method that assess lying by comparing \n physiological arousal in response to information that is relevant to a transgression.

Arousal motive (Curve in particular)

The motive to maintain an optimal level of physiological activation.

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Yerkes-Dodson law – the principle that the relationship between arousal and performance is best represented by an inverted U-shaped curve.

Sensation

the process that detects stimuli from the body or \n surroundings

Perception

the process that organizes sensations into meaningful \n patterns

Anorexia Nervosa

an eating disorder marked by self-starvation.

Bulimia Nervosa

an eating disorder marked by binging and purging. \n Both are dangerous

Crystallized intelligence

the form of intelligence that reflects knowledge \n acquired through schooling and in everyday life (__**Grows with age)**__

Fluid intelligence

the form of intelligence that reflects reasoning ability, \n memory capacity, and speed of information processing. (largely inherited) __**(slows with age)**__

Hallucinogens

__**psychoactive drugs**__ that induce extreme alterations in \n consciousness, including visual hallucinations, a sense of timelessness, and feelings of depersonalization

Manifest content

Sigmund Freud’s term for the verbally reported dream

Latent content

Sigmund Freud’s term for the true, though disguised, \n meaning of a dream

Attention

the process by which the individual focuses awareness on \n certain contents of consciousness while ignoring others.

Unconditioned Stimulis

in classical conditioning, a stimulus that \n automatically elicits a particular unconditioned response.

unconditioned response

in classical conditioning, an unlearned, \n automatic response to a particular unconditioned stimulus.

Condition Stimulus

in classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus \n that comes to elicit a particular conditioned response after being paired with a particular unconditioned stimulus that already elicits that response

Conditioned Response

in classical conditioning, that learned \n response given to a particular conditioned stimulus

Classical Conditioning

a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus \n comes to elicit a response after being associated with a stimulus that already elicits that response

Sensory Memory

the stage of memory that briefly (for at most a few \n seconds) stores exact replicas of sensations.

Short term memory

the stage of memory that can store a few items of \n unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds.

Long term memory

the stage of memory that can store a virtually \n unlimited amount of information relatively permanently.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A disorder marked by depression so intense and prolonged that the person may be __**unable to function in everyday life.**__

Black Swan

an event that is unexpected, has a \n major effect, and is often inappropriately \n rationalized after the event. (hindsight bias)

Phi Phenomenon

The mind responds to stimuli, you edit what you see, the mind fills in the blanks

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this is from my notes couldnt find it in the slides

Gamblers Phallacy

the misperception that a \n number must occur because it is due. They ignore \n the independence of events.

Theory

an integrated set of statements that summarizes and explains research findings and from which research hypotheses can be derived.

Wernicke’s

the region of the temporal lobe that controls the \n meaningfulness of speech.

Bronchas

The region of the frontal lobe responsible for speech production.

Iconic Memory

visual sensory memory, which lasts about a second.

Think Icon=image

Echoic Memory

auditory sensory memory, which lasts up to 4 or more \n seconds.

Echoic=echo(sound)

Flashbulb Memory

A vivid, long-lasting memory of a surprising, important, emotionally arousing event.

9/11/01 everyone remembers 9/11

Instinctive drift

the reversion of animals to behaviors characteristic of \n their species even when being reinforced for performing other behaviors.

Representative Heuristic

In decision making, the assumption that a small sample is representative of its population

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Not everyone from Texas wears a cowboy hat and boots

Availability Heuristic

In decision making, the tendency to estimate the probability of an event by how easily relevant instances come to mind

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When you get on a plane and all you can think of is plane crashes

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

an anxiety disorder marked by a \n persistent state of worry that exists independently of any particular stressful situation and often interferes with daily functioning.

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THE DSM DEFINITION FOR ANXIETY NOT (GAD)- A psychological disorder marked by persistent and unrealistic worry that disrupts everyday functioning.

Post Traumatic Stress {disorder} (PTSD)

A psychological injury with physical symptoms that appears as a delayed \n response after exposure to an extremely emotionally disturbing event. \n A continuation of response to traumatic stimuli for an extended period \n after the removal of the stressor.

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__**This is different from anxiety because its after a traumatic event, caused by trauma (Post Trauma)**__

Functional fixedness

the inability to realize that a problem can be solved by using a familiar object in an unusual way

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fork to hang pic

Intrinsic Motivation

the desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.

Extrinsic Motivation

the desire to perform a behavior in order to obtain \n an external reward, such as praise, grades, or money

Heuristic

A decision-making shortcut or habit. Are usually functional, but not optimal. Derived from experience

Availability Heuristic

In decision making, the tendency to estimate the probability of an event by how easily relevant instances come to mind

2 Systems of thinking: System 1

fast, effortless, more likely to engage in \n parallel processing

2 Systems of thinking: System 2

slow, effortful, more likely to engage in \n serial processing

IQ 130 or greater

Above intellectual superiority

IQ 70 and below

would have problems doing every day tasks

Base Rate Neglect

Ignoring the likelihood of something happening

Hot hand fallacy

the notion that a hit raises \n the probability of hitting again.

Cerebral hemisphere

the right and left halves of the brain

is bias good or bad

can be both?

Illusion of majority

constructing the \n appearance that a particular position or notion is \n supported by a majority, when it is not true.

Glittering Generalities

broad, vague, sweeping \n statements with very little detail. The language use cues \n deeply held beliefs (freedom, liberty, equality, fairness, \n etc. etc. etc. etc. ad nauseam)

Assertion

no debate, just forceful statements

Pinpointing the enemy

Us v. Them; propaganda is more effective if an enemy can be identified and vilified

Repetition

repeated message or slogans

“Si Se Puede” (Hispanic United Farm Workers movement), or “Make America Great Again”

Selection of facts

propaganda is not delivered in a \n balanced manner, tends towards one sided-arguments \n and audience inoculation

Fear then relief

focuses attention on the source of relief.

Sensorimotor stage

from birth through the second year, during which the \n infant learns to coordinate sensory experiences and motor behaviors.

Pre-operational stage

extends from two years to seven years of age, \n during which the child’s use of language becomes more sophisticated but \n the child has difficulty with the logical mental manipulation of information.

Concrete operational stage

extends from seven to eleven years of age, \n during which the child learns to reason logically about objects that are \n physically present.

pre-conventional

the level of moral reasoning characterized by concern \n with the consequences that behavior has for oneself. Relate to egocentrism

conventional

the level of moral reasoning characterized by concern with \n upholding laws and conventional values and by favoring obedience to authority. (this is as far as many people go)

post-conventional

the level of moral reasoning characterized by concern \n with obeying mutually agreed-upon laws and by the need to uphold human dignity.

Radical behavioralism and the skinner box

Radical behavioralism and the skinner box, led to the blank slate belief, issues with that are instinctive drift or behavioral preparedness.

Formal Operation

4th stage

Status quo bias

people have a tendency to want \n things to remain as they are, as long as their basic \n needs are met. (Allostatic avoidance)

Confirmation bias

a search strategy in which we seek information that \n confirms what we already belief to be true, and discounts or ignores contrary information.

Nativism

the philosophical position that \n heredity provides individuals with inborn knowledge and abilities.

Rationalism

the philosophical position that \n true knowledge comes through correct \n reasoning.

Empiricism

the philosophical position that true knowledge comes through the senses.

Existential Perspective

A branch of humanistic psychology that studies how individuals respond to the basic philosophical issues of life, such as death, meaning, freedom and isolation.