also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, most mysterious civilization
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undeciphered language
why are the Harappans so mysterious?
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carefully designed cities;sewer system;grid patterned streets
urban society in the Indus Valley civilization
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symbolic animals/nature; “Tree of Life”
Religion in the Indus Valley Civilization
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theories on the end of the Harappan era
Gradual fade from power;natural disaster;outside conquerer
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Indo-Aryans
the second group to dominate Indo-Gangetic Plain
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The Vedic Age
India from 1500-1000 BC. Aryan influences
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Sanskrit
language of Indo-Aryans
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Raja
title of ruler in Indo-Aryan civilization
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duties of raja
run city states;military legal authoruty;council
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Caste System
a colorist social structure in the Indo-Aryan civilization
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Hinduism
a modern day religion that developed from a combination of Harappan and Indo-Aryan religions
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Om(aum)
“that which sustains everything”; the central symbol of Hinduism
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Turiya
Enlightenment
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The Human conciousness
Wake, Sleep, Dream
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Monism
Belief that all existing things are a part of a single energy or substance
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Brahma
The Creator in Hinduism; holds a vessel containing water and lotus blossoms
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Vishnu
“The Preserver”; maintains existence; holds a conch and Naga(a snake with multiple heads)
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Shiva
“The Destroyer”; positive destruction; shown with a drum (beat of destruction) and a snake
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Vedas
religious text that forms the foundation of Indian Religion for centuries
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Mahabharata
a Hindu parable story; Vishnu becomes human; similar to Romeo and Juliet
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Ramayana
a Hindu parable story; Rama and Sita
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Untouchables
bottom of the caste system; viewed as a “disease”; called “Children of God” by Ghandi
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samsara
the repeating cycle of birth, life, and death
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dharma
fulfillment of ones moral duty in life
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karma
positive or negative force generated by your actions; decides your fate in next life
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Moksha
liberation from samsara; soul reunites with the universal energy
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Ahimsa
compassion for all life; includes animals
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Yoga
popular modern-day practice originating from Hindu practice to discipline and harmonize body and soul
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Siddhartha Gautama
Indian Prince in 500s BC; witnesses suffering of mankind and questions Hinduism
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Great Renunciation
Siddhartha Gautama leaving Hinduism and his life due to unanswered philosophical questions
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Nirvana
Enlightenment on earth
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The Buddha
what Siddhartha Gautama became after being the first to experience Nirvana; “Enlightened one”
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Bodhisattvas
believed by some buddhists; those who turn back from nirvana to help society reach salvation
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the 4 Noble Truths
Life is suffering; the cause of suffering is desire; the cure for suffering is to remove desire; to remove desire follow the eightfold path
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follow the Eightfold path
how to remove desire
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similarities of Hinduism and Buddhism
reincarnation process; actions on earth decide progress of soul; human desire must be controlled
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Shang Dynasty
first recorded Chinese dynasty
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Zhou dynasty
second recorded dynasty; longest ruling Chinese dynasty
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Mandate of Heaven
rules to prove the transition of one Chinese dynasty to another
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the right to rule is granted by heaven; there is only one heaven, so only one ruler; the right to rule is based on the virtue of ruler; the right to rule is not limited to one dynasty
the principles of the Mandate of Heaven
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Animism; ancestor worship; dragons
Shang & Zhou religious evidence
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Oracle bones
religious artifacts from the Shang dynasty; don’t have many today because they were consumed
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Qin
the dynasty that overthrows the Zhou
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Yin and Yang
balance
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Yin
dark, night, passive, female
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Yang
light, day, hot, active, male
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Qi
keeps yin & yang balanced; life force; flows through everything
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progression of dynasties; food
practical applications of Yin & Yang
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Feng Shui
placement of objects to allow flow of Qi
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Buddhism
a religion branching off of Hinduism; founded by Siddartha Gautama; anti-caste
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Brahmins
priests; first class on caste
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Kshatriyas
warriors and rulers; second class
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vaisyas
skilled traders, merchants, minor officials; third class
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sudras
unskilled workers and peasants; fourth class
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Parians
outcasts/untouchables; last class
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aging dynasty
a new dynasty becomes an
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virtue
behavior showing high moral standards
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neutral
rice is _____
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bronze
metal used by the shang
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dynastic cycle
the pattern of the governments’ receiving and losing the Mandate is depicted in China’s _____
Studied by 59 people
Note 
Flashcard (73)