Test 2 ( Chapter 6) A & P

Which type of cartilage is most plentiful in the adult body?

hyaline cartilage

Which of the following accurately describes a key difference between cartilage and bone tissue?

Cartilage grows in an interstitial manner; bone does not.

Which description of skeletal cartilage is INCORRECT?

Costal cartilages reinforce airways and support the external nose.

When chondrocytes in lacunae divide and form new matrix, it leads to an expansion of the cartilage tissue from within. This process is called __________.

interstitial growth

The pubic symphysis connects the two hip bones anteriorly and provides a little movement during childbirth. Choose the most appropriate tissue for this structure that is subjected to both pressure and stretch.

fibrocartilage

Which of the following is a function of red bone marrow

Hematopoiesis

Bones do NOT have a role in __________.

glycogen production

Which bones are incorrectly paired with the classification

Finger Bones: Short Bones

Which of the following pairs of terms is mismatched?

sternum: long bone

Which of the following bones are NOT a part of the axial skeleton?

upper limb

Which of the following statements regarding the skeleton is INCORRECT?

The axial skeleton includes the bones of the limbs.

Which of the following is found within the compact bone, but not within the spongy bone

Central Canal

Which cell type is found within lacunae

osteocytes

Which of the following is a bone marking described as a round or oval opening through a bone?

foramen

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

osteon

A homeostatic imbalance that activates these bone cells would lead to a loss of bone density.

Osteoclasts

Spongy bone contains ________.

trabeculae

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

osteoblast

Which of these structures consists of hyaline cartilage?

epiphyseal plate

Which of the following does NOT occur during the events leading to the lengthening of a long bone?

Osteoblasts produce osteoid, which calcifies within fibrous connective tissue membranes.

Intramembranous ossification results in the formation of

cranial bones

What is intramembranous ossification?

the formation of bone from within fibrous membranes

What would be the physical sign that a bone cannot continue longitudinal growth?

The epiphyseal plates have fused.

Which bone-forming process is shown in the figure?

endochondral ossification

During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter D?

bone resorption

The arrow in the figure is pointing to which of the following structures?

the epiphyseal plate

Which of the following statements is true?

During endochondral ossification, hyaline cartilage is broken down and replaced with bone.

Which of the following results from the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

stimulation of osteoclast activity

Bone remodeling in response to mechanical stress is triggered by

signals produced by osteocytes in the affected bone

What controls bone remodeling?

mechanical stress and hormones

Which of the following is UNLIKELY to affect bone remodeling?

glucagon

Wolff's law is concerned with ________.

the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

parathyroid hormone

The material that initially connects the broken ends of bones together is formed from

collagen fibers

The correct order (from start to finish) of fracture repair is __________.

hematoma formation, soft callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling

Which of the following are correctly matched?

open (compound) fracture; the fractured bone ends penetrate the skin

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Paget's disease is caused by a vitamin D deficiency.

Which of the following pairings is correct?

Paget's disease; excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorption

The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ________.

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Which bone-forming process is shown in the figure?

endochondral ossification

Which of the following pairings is correct?

Paget's disease; excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorption

What would be the physical sign that a bone cannot continue longitudinal growth?

an epiphyseal line

Which of the following cells are NOT correctly matched with their function?

osteocytes; produce new bone-forming cells

Which hormone is NOT matched with its correct function?

calcitonin; increases blood calcium levels

Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of ________.

bone formation

What is the term for the layers of bony matrix surrounding the vessels and nerve?

lamellae

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

communication

Which of the following pairs of terms is mismatched?

The main role of the axial skeleton is to help us manipulate our environment.

False; the axial skeleton primarily supports the head, neck, and trunk, and protects the brain and spinal cord.

Flat bones consist of a thin plate of spongy bone, called diploë, sandwiched between two layers of compact bone.

True

Which of the following diseases would most likely be associated with a disorder at A?    

achondroplasia

Which of the following statements is true?

During endochondral ossification, hyaline cartilage is broken down and replaced with bone.

What is intramembranous ossification?

the formation of the bone from within fibrous membranes

When chondrocytes in lacunae divide and form new matrix, it leads to an expansion of the cartilage tissue from within. This process is called __________.

interstitial growth

What would be the physical sign that a bone cannot continue longitudinal growth?