Chapter 18 Flashcards

Flashcards about blood components and functions

What are the basic components of blood?

Plasma, platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells.

What are the types of white blood cells?

Lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and neutrophils.

What are the functions of blood's plasma?

Transports nutrients, hormones, and waste products; helps regulate body temperature and pH; and plays a role in blood clotting and immune response.

What is the main component of blood plasma?

Water (about 92% by weight).

What are the major types of plasma proteins?

Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen.

What is the function of albumins in blood plasma?

Exerts osmotic force to retain fluid within the blood and contributes to blood's viscosity.

What is the role of gamma-globulins?

Antibodies that immobilize pathogens.

What is the function of fibrinogen?

Participates in blood coagulation (clotting).

What is the role of electrolytes in blood plasma?

Establish and maintain membrane potentials, maintain pH balance, and regulate osmosis.

What condition occurs when an individual has a decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity?

Anemia.

What is hematopoiesis?

Formation of formed elements.

What controls the rate of RBC production?

Erythropoietin (EPO).

What is the function of erythrocytes?

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

List the formed elements in order from most abundant to least abundant.

Erythrocytes, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

What is the main function of platelets?

Aid in blood clotting.

What is chemotaxis?

Movement of a cell or organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

What is hemostasis?

Stopping the flow of blood.

What are the three steps of hemostasis?

Vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.

What are antigens?

Recognized by body as foreign; stimulates immune response.

What are antibodies?

Recognize antigens; reside in plasma.

What is agglutination?

Clumping that results when antibodies bind to antigens; can lyse blood cells and clog BV.

What antigens and antibodies are present in Type A blood?

Surface antigen A and anti-B antibodies.

What antigens and antibodies are present in Type B blood?

Surface antigen B and anti-A antibodies.

What antigens and antibodies are present in Type AB blood?

Surface antigens A and B and neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

What antigens and antibodies are present in Type O blood?

Neither A nor B surface antigens and anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

What blood type(s) can a person with blood type O receive?

Blood type O.

What is the Rh factor?

RBC antigen.

When do antibodies appear in Rh- persons?

Only after exposure to the Rh antigen.

What is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)?

Occurs when Rh- Mom Pregnant with Rh+ Fetus.

What is Rhogam?

Prevents Mom from Producing Anti-Rh.