Ch 9 - Pre-examination

Circulatory System

The body system that transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes

Cardiovascular System

Heart, blood, and blood vessels working together to circulate blood

Venipuncture

Drawing blood from a vein

Heart

a four-chambered muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

Pericardium

A fluid-filled sac surrounding the heart

Epicardium

Outer layer of the heart

Myocardium

Thick muscular middle layer responsible

Endocardium

inner lining of the heart

Atrium (atria)

upper chambers that receive blood

Ventricle

lower chamber that pump blood out

Septum

Wall dividing right and left side of the heart

Tricuspid valve

right AV valve between right atrium and ventricle

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

left AV valve

Pulmonary valve

control blood flow to lungs

Aortic valve

controls blood flow to body

Cardiac Cycle

One heart (contraction + relaxation)

Systole

contraction phase of the heart

Diastole

relaxation phase of the heart

SA Node

pacemaker that starts electrical impulses

Electrical conduction system

Network that controls heartbeat rhythm

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

recording of the heart’s electrical activity

Heart rate

beats per minute

Cardiac output

amount of blood pumped per minute

“Lubb” sound

AV valves closing during systole

“Dupp” sound

Semilunar valves closing during diastole

Pulmonary circulation

Blood flow from heart to lungs and back

Systemic circulation

Blood flow from heart to body and back

Blood pressure

force of blood against vessel walls

Systolic pressure

pressure during contraction

Diastolic pressure

pressure during relaxation

Pulse

Rhythmic expansion of arteries with each heartbeat

sphygmomanometer (sfig - mow - muh - nah mee - ter)

device used to measure blood pressure

Artery

carries blood away from the heart

Vein

returns blood to the heart

Capillary

tiny vessel where exchange of gases/nutrients occurs

Tunica intima

inner layer of a vessel

Tunica adventitia

outer connective tissue layer

Tunica media

middle muscular layer

Lumen

the space inside a vessel where blood flows

Antecubital fossa

inner elbow area used for venipuncture

Median cubital vein

first choice vein

Cephalic vein

second choice vein

Basilic vein

last choice vein (higher risk)

Bicipital aponeurosis

Protective tissue under veins in the arm

Blood

connective tissue made of plasma and cells

Plasma

liquid portion (mostly water, proteins, nutrients)

Serum

plasma