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Science
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Fluid and Electrolytes
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Pathology
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24 Terms
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1
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sodium
135-145
2
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Potassium
3\.5-5
3
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Calcium
9-10.5
4
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Phosphate
3-4.5
5
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Magnesium
1\.3-2.1
6
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Bicarbonate (HCO3)
22-26
7
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Chloride
98-106
8
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S/S Hypernatremia
SALT: skin flushed,
Agitation,
Low grade fever/Lethargy,
Thirst
9
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S/S Hyponatremia
SALT LOSS: Stupor/Coma,
Anorexia,
Lethargy,
Tendon reflexes,
Limp muscles,
Orthostatic hypotension,
Seizures/headache,
Stomach cramping
10
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S/S Hyperkalemia
MURDER: Muscle Weakness,
Urine Output little/none,
Respiratory Failure,
Decreased cardiac contractility,
Early: muscle twitches/cramps,
Rhythm Changes(Tall T)
11
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S/S Hypokalemia
A SIC WALT ↓ : Alkalosis,
Shallow Respirations,
Irritability,
Confusion/Drowsiness,
Weakness/Fatigue,
Arrhythmia: Tachycardia,
Lethargy,
Thready Pulse,
↓ intestinal motility (NV)
12
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S/S Hypercalcemia
Painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, sitting on the throne and psychiatric overtones. seizure, coma. Cardiac: Heart block and V tach.
13
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S/S Hypocalcemia
Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s sign. Laryngeal stridor, dysphagia, tingling in mouth and extremeities. Cardiac: Prolonged QT
14
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Trousseau’s Sign
Involuntary Arm/Wrist contraction when pressure applied. Sign of Hypocalcemia
15
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Chvostek’s sign
Strong face contraction when cheek nerve touched. Sign of Hypocalcemia
16
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S/S Hyperphosphatemia
Tweaking Calcium Can Clear High Phosphate
Tetany
Calcium deposits (in soft tissues)
Convulsions
Cardiac Arrests
Hyperactive neuromuscular reflex
Prolonged QT Interval
17
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S/S Hypophosphatemia
CNS Depression, Rickets and osteomalacia, muscle weakness and pain, respiratory and heart failure
18
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S/S Hypermagnesemia
Lethargy, urinary retention, N/V, impaired reflexes, Paralysis, Respiratory and Cardiac arrest
19
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S/S Hypomagnesemia
Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, muscle cramps, tremors, seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
20
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Crystalloids
Used for dehydration and to compensate for fluid loss/imbalance ie NS, D5W, D10W, LR
21
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Colloids
Used to incr blood plasma volume ie Albumin, fresh frozen plasma, blood
22
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Blood Transfusion Rxn
Chills, fever, pruritis, Urticaria
23
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TRALI
Transfusion related acute lung injury
24
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TACO
Transfusion associated circulatory overload
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