Fluid and Electrolytes

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Description and Tags

24 Terms

1

sodium

135-145

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2

Potassium

3.5-5

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3

Calcium

9-10.5

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4

Phosphate

3-4.5

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5

Magnesium

1.3-2.1

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6

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

22-26

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7

Chloride

98-106

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8

S/S Hypernatremia

SALT: skin flushed,

Agitation,

Low grade fever/Lethargy,

Thirst

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9

S/S Hyponatremia

SALT LOSS: Stupor/Coma,

Anorexia,

Lethargy,

Tendon reflexes,

Limp muscles,

Orthostatic hypotension,

Seizures/headache,

Stomach cramping

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10

S/S Hyperkalemia

MURDER: Muscle Weakness,

Urine Output little/none,

Respiratory Failure,

Decreased cardiac contractility,

Early: muscle twitches/cramps,

Rhythm Changes(Tall T)

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11

S/S Hypokalemia

A SIC WALT ↓  : Alkalosis,

Shallow Respirations,

Irritability,

Confusion/Drowsiness,

Weakness/Fatigue,

Arrhythmia: Tachycardia,

Lethargy,

Thready Pulse,

↓  intestinal motility (NV)

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12

S/S Hypercalcemia

Painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, sitting on the throne and psychiatric overtones. seizure, coma. Cardiac: Heart block and V tach.

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13

S/S Hypocalcemia

Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s sign. Laryngeal stridor, dysphagia, tingling in mouth and extremeities. Cardiac: Prolonged QT

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14

Trousseau’s Sign

Involuntary Arm/Wrist contraction when pressure applied. Sign of Hypocalcemia

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15

Chvostek’s sign

Strong face contraction when cheek nerve touched. Sign of Hypocalcemia

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16

S/S Hyperphosphatemia

Tweaking Calcium Can Clear High Phosphate

Tetany

Calcium deposits (in soft tissues)

Convulsions

Cardiac Arrests

Hyperactive neuromuscular reflex

Prolonged QT Interval

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17

S/S Hypophosphatemia

CNS Depression, Rickets and osteomalacia, muscle weakness and pain, respiratory and heart failure

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18

S/S Hypermagnesemia

Lethargy, urinary retention, N/V, impaired reflexes, Paralysis, Respiratory and Cardiac arrest

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19

S/S Hypomagnesemia

Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, muscle cramps, tremors, seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypocalcemia and hypokalemia

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20

Crystalloids

Used for dehydration and to compensate for fluid loss/imbalance ie NS, D5W, D10W, LR

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21

Colloids

Used to incr blood plasma volume ie Albumin, fresh frozen plasma, blood

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22

Blood Transfusion Rxn

Chills, fever, pruritis, Urticaria

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23

TRALI

Transfusion related acute lung injury

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24

TACO

Transfusion associated circulatory overload

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