chapter 4 forensics

Droplets of ________ are very small. They may not travel far and could be overlooked.

A: High-velocity spatter

B: Medium-velocity spatter

C: Transfer patterns

D: Low-velocity spatter

A

The skeletonized perimeter of a bloodstain can be used to interpret:

A:The kind of force that produced the bloodstain

B: The source of the original bloodstain

C: The time that elapsed between deposition of the stain and alteration of the stain

D: Both B and C

D

A blood stain that impacts a surface at a low angle will have a ________ tail than one that impacts at a higher angle

A: longer

B: shorter

C: narrower

D: wider

A

By counting and pairing the patterns of a(n) ________ pattern, an investigator can estimate the minimum number of blows inflicted upon a victim.

A: impact

B: void

C: Cast-off

D: arterial spray

C

An impact pattern consisting of large separate drops with diameters of 5 millimeters is:

A: Medium-velocity spatter

B: Low-velocity spatter.

C: High-velocity spatter.

D: Both A and B

B

The velocity classification of an impact spatter pattern:

A: Is never used for descriptive purposes

B: Can determine the kind of action that produced the pattern

C: Cannot illuminate the specific events that produced the pattern

D: Can only be determined by a trained bloodstain pattern analyst

C

Proper location and documentation of bloodstain patterns at the crime scene is the responsibility of:

A: All crime scene personnel 

B: Criminalists and specialists

C: The lead investigator

D: A bloodstain analysis specialist

A

The ________ of a bloodstain pattern in a three-dimensional space illustrates the position of the victim or suspect whenthe stain-producing event took place

A: Void

B: Area of convergence

C: Directionality

D: Area of origin

D

The pointed end of a bloodstain always faces:

A: Its direction of travel

B: Toward the position of the blood source

C: Toward the direction from which the force came

D: Opposite its direction of travel

A

The most common type of bloodstain pattern found at a crime scene is:

A: Cast-off spatter

B: Void spatter

C: Arterial spray

D: Impact spatter

D

Rough surfaces usually result in stains with:

A: Satellite spatter

B: Back spatter

C: Forward spatter

D: Blow-back spatter

A

Physical evidence that can be used to aid in a crime scene reconstruction includes:

A: Gunshot residues

B: Glass fragments

C: Blood spatters

D: All of the above

D

Widely spaced bloody shoeprints with satellite spatter between the shoeprints were likely deposited by an individualwho was:

A: Running.

B: Carrying a bloody weapon

C: Standing in place

D: Walking slowly.

A

Setting up a rectangular border of rulers around the patterns and then placing a small ruler next to each stain describes the:

A: Grid method

B: Stake method

C: String method

D: Perimeter ruler method

D

In the grid method of bloodstain documentation, a grid of squares of known dimensions is created over an entire pattern in order to:

A: Prevent contamination of the bloodstains

B: Collect bloodstains for delivery to the laboratory

C: Show the relative sizes of bloodstains in photographs

D: All of the above

C

Crime scene reconstruction requires the piecing together of:

A: Input from the medical examiner

B: Accounts given by witnesses and suspects

C: The story told by evidence recovered at the crime scene

D: All of the above

D

A blood droplet deposited at an angle of impact of about 90° (directly vertical to the surface) will:

A: Be approximately circular in shape.

B: Show acute elongation

C: Be elliptical in shape

D: Feature a tail showing the directionality

A

The amount of spatter from a blood droplet falling on a hard, non-porous surface is ________ that of a drop of blood of equal size, falling from the same distance, onto a softer, porous surface.

A: Less than

B: not comparable to

C: The same as

D: Greater than

A

Pools of blood are not reliable to use in reconstruction or determining the amount of time that has elapsed since theblood was deposited.

A: true 

B: false 

B

The pressure of the pumping of oxygenated blood out of an injury causes bright red-colored blood to spurt out and form a(n):

A: Void pattern

B: Arterial spray pattern

C: Expirated pattern

D: Both B and C

B

What should one surmise if a flow found on an object or body does not appear consistent with the direction of gravity?

A: The object or body was moved after the blood had dried

B: The object or body was not moved

C: The object or body was at a lower temperature than the blood

D: The object or body was within 5 feet of the blood source

A

Crime scene reconstruction involves the efforts of all EXCEPT the:

A: Police

B: Trial judge

C: Criminalist

D: Medical examiner

B

The intersection of straight lines through the long axis of several individual bloodstains in an impact spatter patternillustrates the ________ of the pattern.

A: Area of origin

B: Area of convergence

C: Velocity classification

D: Void pattern

B

The direction of a ________ may show movements of objects or bodies while the pattern was still forming or after theblood has dried.

A: Bloodstain tail

B; Flow pattern

C: Trail pattern

D: Cast-off pattern

B

The deposition of backward spatter produced by a gunshot wound is determined by:

A: The location of the injury

B: The size of the wound created

C: The distance between the victim and the muzzle

D: All of the above

D