Soil 360 class

Entisols

Very young soils “baby soils” not gone through much formation, can be very old in places like antartica

A horizon

top soil, less than 20% OM

O horizon

greater than 20% OM 2/3rd OM

C horizon

Parent material with no rocks

R horizon

Parent material with rocks

Epipedons go on

Mollic soils

Mollic

Prairie soil, can see on alfisol, > 25cm thick in A, value and chroma < 3, pH > 5.5 50% or greater base saturation

Umbric

Prairie soil, can see on alfisol, > 25cm thick in A, value and chroma < 3, pH < 5.5 50% or greater base saturation

Histic

20-40 cm of OM, thinner than histosol, thicker than 20 cm

Ochric

Everything else

Oa

Sapric <1/3 fibers (mostly goo)

Oe

Hemic 1/3-2/3 fibers

Oi

2/3 or more fibers (fibric)

Kame

elevated, triangular, cross-section, funny shaped hill waterfall deposite, very gravely

Kettle

embedded glacial deposit makes depression, water can show up, sorted

Outwash

parent material, sandy, sorted, sand and gravel, layers are thick, can get kettle outwashes

Lacustrine

Lake deposited, parent material, use for classification, finer texture thinly layered, ice wall lake plain

Till

parent material, Unsorted material, ice doesnt care what it pushes clay to boulders

Moraine

3 types ice pushes stuff around, making long pile at the end (terminal), when ice melts off there can be a recessional, ground moraine can have chunks of ice embedded in

Esker

Stream bed that formed with ice for banks, ice that was banks melts, disappearing now, people are taking rocks and selling it

Erratic

big stone, transported on or in ice, doesnt match up with the geography

drumlin

glacial tire tracks, under ice, pushes into ground occure in glacial till

what are the parent materials

outwash, lacustrine, till

Inseptisols

teenage soil, O or A horizon, then Bw, Bw2, C1, 2C

Alfisols

algeric horizon (accumulation of clay), has deciduous

Spodisols

acidic leeching, has conifers

Histisol

organic matter for parent materials > 40cm, other pm under om