Cells and Organelles

Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes

Faster response to changes

Eukaryotes

Metabolically efficient, cell specialization

Plasma membrane

Controls what goes in/out of cells

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Synthesizes, lipids, detoxifies cells

Nucleus

Holds DNA

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Place where proteins are made

Ribosomes

Builds proteins

Gogli

Finishes and packages proteins

Vesicle

Carries proteins/other materials around the cell

Free floating ribosomes

Protein stays in cell

Embedded ribosomes in rough ER

Protein is either packaged and sent out of cell or embedded into part of plasma membrane

Chloroplast

Makes food (only in plants)

Mitochondria

Uses energy from food (Plants and animals)

Lysosome

Package of hydrolysis enzymes to digest large food particles or damaged organelles

Vacuole

Storage area

Cell wall

Prevent water loss, provides structure

Cytoskeleton

Provides internal structure and “highways” for motor proteins carrying vesicles