GESOCSCI 4 - THE NORTH-SOUTH DIVIDE

the US, Canada, Europe, Israel, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan as well as Australia and New Zealand

Global North

Africa, Latin America, and developing Asia including the Middle East

Global South

North

home to the G8 and to four of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.

North

mostly covers the West and the First World, along with much of the Second World,

South 

largely corresponds with the Third World

The Cold War

was a period of ideological and geopolitical tension between the US, the USSR, and their respective allies

The Cold War

the period is generally considered to span the 1947 Truman Doctrine (12 March 1947) To the 1991 Dissolution of the Soviet Union (26 December 1991)

First World

the West; definition has largely shifted to any country with little political risk and a well functioning democracy, rule of law, capitalist economy, economic stability and high standard of living

Second World

used during the Cold War to refer to the industrial socialist states that were under the influence of the USSR.;

Third World

referred to the developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America

Third World

the nations not aligned with either the First World or the Second World

Third World

was used interchangeably with developing countries

Third World

Is now outdated

USSR and China

represented the East

US and its allies

represented the West

Third World

came into parlance in the second half of the 20th century

Third World

originated in a 1952 article by Alfred Sauvy 

Trois Mondes, Une Planète

1952 article by Alfred Sauvy 

Third World 

emphasized its exclusion from the East-West conflict as well as the ex-colonial status and poverty of the nations it comprised

BANDUNG CONFERENCE

a meeting of Third World states, an alternative to alignment was promoted

1955

Year of Bandung Conference

1961

the first Non-Aligned Summit was organized in

international political lexicon

moved the terms 'North' and 'South' into the

New International Economic Order

negotiated between the North and South in 1973

Algiers

the Non-Aligned Summit for the pursuit of a New International Economic Order was held in

1973

Year where oil prices increased

Arab OPEC countries (the Yom Kippur)

the oil embargo by ___ increased world oil prices

structural adjustment

a set of economic reforms that a country must adhere to in order to secure a loan from the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank.

structural adjustment

was institutionalized by International Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Western governments

1987

Year where reports on the negative social impacts of structural adjustment policies on affected developing nations

Brandt Line

visual depiction of the north–south divide

West German former Chancellor Willy Brandt

The brandt line was proposed by

1. Russia - 17m

2. Canada - 9.9m

3. Peoples Republic of China - 9.5m

4. USA - 9.1m

5. Brazil - 8.5m

6. Australia - 7.6m

7. India - 3.2m

8. Argentina - 2.7m

9. Kazakhstan - 2.7m

10. Algeria - 2.3m

The Worlds Largest States

Vatican City

0.2 square miles

Vatican City

The world's smallest state

Vatican City

has a population of 825

Vatican City

The tiny country is the spiritual center for the world's Roman Catholics

Monaco

0.7 square miles

Monaco

lies along the French Riviera on the French Mediterranean coast near Nice

Monaco

An impressive 38,100 people live in this state known for its Monte Carlo casinos

Monaco

It has been independent off-and-on since the 13th century.

Nauru

8.5 square miles

Nauru

The 11,000 residents rely on diminishing phosphate deposits

Nauru

The state became independent in 1968 and was formerly known as Pleasant Island

Tuvalu

9 square miles

Tuvalu

composed of 9 coral atolls along a 360 mile chain in Polynesia

Tuvalu

The former Ellice Islands are home to 10,507 people.

San Marino

24 square miles

San Marino

24 square miles

San Marino

Located on Mt. Titano in north central Italy, San Marino has 33,630 residents.

San Marino

The country claims to be the oldest state in Europe, having been founded in the fourth century.

Liechtenstein

62 square miles

Liechtenstein

This microstate of 38,749 people is located on the Rhine River between Switzerland and Austria in the Alps

Marshall Islands

70 square miles

Marshall Islands

The atolls (including the world's largest, Kwajalein), reefs, and 34 islands (population 55,500) gained independence in 1986.

St. Kitts & Nevis

104 square miles

St. Kitts & Nevis

This Caribbean country of 52,823 residents gained independence in 1983

Seychelles

107 square miles

Seychelles

The 98,462 residents of this Indian Ocean island group have been independent of the UK since 1976.

Maldives

115 square miles

Maldives

Only 200 of the 2000 Indian Ocean islands which make up this country are occupied by 383,135 residents.

South Sudan

peacefully seceded from Sudan on July 9, 2011

Sudan

was the first to recognize South Sudan and did so one day early

Kosovo

declared independence from Serbia on February 17, 2008.

Serbia

became its own entity on June 5, 2006 after Montenegro split.

Montenegro

also known as Yugoslavia

Montenegro

gained independence on June 3, 2006 after a referendum.

East Timor

declared independence from Portugal in 1975 but did not became independent from Indonesia until May 20, 2002.

Palau

gained independence October 1, 1994 as a former colony.

Eritrea

was a part of Ethiopia but seceded and gained independence on May 25, 1993 .

Czech Republic and Slovakia

became independent states on January 1, 1993 when Czechoslovakia dissolved

Micronesia

previously known as the Caroline Islands

Micronesia

became independent from the United States on September 17, 1991.

Marshall Islands

gained independence as a former colony on September 17, 1991

Germany

unified on October 3, 1990 after the fall of the Iron Curtain

Yemen

was formed when North and South Yemen merged on May 22, 1990

Namibia

became independent of South Africa on March 21, 1990