The Mexican Revolution
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39 Terms
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The Mexican Revolution
A long and bloody struggle (1910-1920) among several factions leading to the end of dictatorship in Mexico and the establishment of a constitutional republic.
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What was the central theme of Latin American history according to the lecture notes?
Closing the gap between theory and reality.
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Plan of Iguala
The plan that outlined three guarantees for Mexico: independence for New Spain, Catholicism as the religion, and the union of Spanish and native elements.
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Who was Benito Juarez?
Leader of the liberal party in Mexico, influenced by both English liberalism and French positivism.
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Porfirio Diaz
He took control after Juarez's death, creating a dictatorship influenced by positivism and initiated commercial expansion.
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What significant loss did Mexico experience during the Mexican-American War?
Mexico lost California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah.
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Latifundia/haciendas
Large estates established in Spain and Latin America to cultivate crops, often worked by peasant-serfs.
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What was Francisco Madero known for?
He was a Mexican revolutionary who ousted dictator Porfirio Díaz and served as president from 1911-1913.
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Pascual Orozco
Commanding General of all Federal forces who led attacks against revolutionary figures like Pancho Villa.
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What was the significance of Emiliano Zapata in the revolution?
He was a leading figure who opposed the hacienda system and played a crucial role in advocating for land reform.
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Plan of Ayala
A document demanding land restitution and redistributing larger haciendas during the Zapatista agrarian rebellion.
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Victoriano Huerta
General who took control of the government after the assassinations of Madero and Vice President Suárez, labeled 'the Usurper' by many.
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Who was Venustiano Carranza?
Leader in the Mexican civil war and the first president of the new Mexican republic after the fall of Díaz.
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John Pershing
Led a punitive expedition into Mexico to capture or kill Pancho Villa, marking the first U.S. military operation using mechanized vehicles.
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What was the Bucareli Agreement?
A treaty between Mexico and the U.S. in 1923 to settle disputes over U.S. oil companies in exchange for recognition of the Mexican government.
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Ejidos
Communal land used for agriculture, significant as a legacy of the Mexican Revolution.
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Northern Dynasty
A coalition formed by Obregón, Calles, and de la Huerta after Carranza’s failure to enact social reforms.
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Alvaro Obregón
Mexican military general and politician who served as president from 1920 to 1924 and was assassinated before re-taking office in 1928.
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Plutarco Calles
President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928 who established the Institutional Revolutionary Party and held power during the Maximato.
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Lázaro Cárdenas
President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940, known for his generalship during the Revolution and as a populist leader.
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What did the Mexican Revolution ultimately achieve?
The establishment of a constitutional republic and the end of a long-term dictatorship.
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What year did the Mexican-American War occur?
1846-1848.
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What impact did industrialization have under Porfirio Diaz?
It led to the growth of the urban proletariat and increased oppression of indigenous people.
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Emiliano Zapata’s agrarian movement is known as __________.
Zapatismo.
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Which political party is known as the institutional representative of the Mexican Revolution today?
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).
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What was the Mexican government's response to Huerta's rule?
Many referred to him as 'the Usurper' and revolted against his administration.
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What characterized the Porfiriato?
A liberal dictatorship heavily influenced by positivism.
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Who led the agrarian rebellion mentioned in the Plan of Ayala?
Emiliano Zapata.
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What role did foreign investment play in the Mexican Revolution?
It contributed to political unrest due to the oppression felt by the indigenous population.
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Who were the federales?
Security forces loyal to the Mexican federal government.
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What was significant about the year 1917 in relation to the Mexican Revolution?
The Mexican constitution was reformed to enshrine land reform.
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What marked the end of the Mexican Revolution?
The establishment of a constitutional republic in Mexico.
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Ferdinand VII was a figure in which historical development?
The liberal revolution in Spain in the 18th century.
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What event followed the assassination of Madero?
Victoriano Huerta took control of the Mexican government.
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Why did Mexican indigenous people struggle during the 19th century?
They were often isolated and left without power.
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What agricultural expansion took place during Diaz's regime?
Commercial agriculture, timber, lumber, and mining.
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What challenge did the Mexican Revolution face regarding land?
The demand for restitution of lands taken during the Porfiriato.
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What was the purpose of John Pershing's expedition?
To capture or kill Pancho Villa and disperse his rebels.
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Which agreement settled U.S. oil company rights in 1923?
Bucareli Agreement.
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