Final Kinesiology Exam

Reliability

The consistency or repeatability of test scores, data, or observations. A test is reliable if measurements are the same each time the test is administered to the same individuals (consistency)

Validity

A trait that is possessed by the instrument or test being used. The extent to which a test measures what it proposes to measure. (accuracy)

Personality

Pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish one person from another and persist over time and situations.

Personality Traits

Psychological characteristics of the athlete which remain relatively stable over time

Personality State(s)

“right now kinds of feelings” which are situation-specific

Arousal

-physiological state of readiness and physiological activation

-involves the autonomic nervous system

-body’s way of preparing your for “fight or flight”

Anxiety

-tension and worry that results from distress

-a negatively charged with emotional state characterized by discomfort and nervousness

Motivation

-determines the reasons for an athlete’s behavior

-the direction, energy, and intensity of behavior

-it is synonymous with inspiration, enthusiasm, or the will to win

Rivalry

desire to beat the opponent

Audience Effects

a situation involving the mere presence of other individuals in the same room

Coaction Effects

Other people are present, but preforming the same task.

What are the six purposes of Training and Evaluation?

1. Placement

2. Diagnosis

3. Prediction

4. Motivation

5. Achievement

6. Program Evaluation

Reliability and Validity

In order to be deemed valid, a test must be reliable and relevant, and measure what it purports(claims) to measure.

Fitness Test to Measure Aerobic Capacity

1. 12-minute Run-Walk Test

2. 1-Mile Run or Walk Test

3. 2400-Meter Endurance run

4. YMCA 3-Minute Step Test

5. Queens College Step Test

Aerobic capacity

also known as VO2 max, is your body's maximum ability to use oxygen during intense exercise

Measuring Aerobic Capacity

-Aerobic capacity is a reflection of an individual’s cardiorespiratory endurance

-Aerobic capacity can be measured with the use of either laboratory or field tests

Fitness Test to Measure Body Composition

1. YMCA Skinfold Test

2. Circumference (Girth) Measurements

Fitness Test to Measure Muscular Strength

1. Grip Dynamometer

2. One- Repetition Maximum

Fitness Tests to Measure Muscular Power

1. Standing Long Jump

2. Vertical Jump

Fitness Test to Measure Muscular Endurance

1. YMCA 1-Minute Sit-Up Test

2. Pull-Ups or Flexed Arm Hang

3. Push-Ups Test

4. Continuous Burpees Test

Fitness Test to Measure Flexibility

1. Sit-and-Reach Test

2. Bridge-Up Test

3. Hamstring Looseness Test

4. Total Body Rotation

Fitness Test to Measure Agility

1. Burpee Test

2. AAHPERD Shuttle Run

3. Hexagonal Obstacle Test

Agility

the physical ability that enables rapid and precise change of body position and direction

Personalities of Athletes Versus Non-Athletes traits

compared to non-athletes, athletes are more:

-stable

-extroverted

-competitive

-dominate

-self-confident

-acheivment-oriented

-Psychologically well-adjusted

-Conservative with Respect to political views

-Authoritarian

-Persistent

-Display higher levels of self-esteem

Types of Relaxation Intervention (To lower Cognitive stage anxiety)

1. Progressive Muscular Relaxation (PMR)

2. Relaxation intervention (Positive Imagery/ Positive Self-Talk)

Factors Affecting Achievement Motivation

1. Self-confidence

2. Self-efficacy

3. Goal Setting

Spectator Effect

An important social-psychological effect on athletic performance

-Influences athlete’s performance through:

1. Social Facilitation: enhancement of performance due to presence of others

2. Rivalry: a desire to beat the opponent

Characteristics that lead to a greater home advantage

The presence of supportive audience is presently the most popular explanation for home advantages

Research has established the following audience characteristic leading to a greater home advantage:

-Large

-Supportive

-Close to the playing arena