Chapter 10 Maslow – Holistic-Dynamic Theory (Vocabulary Review)

Vocabulary flashcards covering the major concepts, needs, values, characteristics, and assessment tools discussed in the lecture on Maslow’s Holistic-Dynamic Theory.

Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Maslow’s view that the whole person is constantly motivated by one need or another and possesses potential for psychological growth toward self-actualization.

Conative Needs

Five basic ‘striving’ needs—physiological, safety, love/belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization—that form Maslow’s hierarchy.

Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow’s staircase arrangement of conative needs; lower needs must be largely satisfied before higher needs become motivators.

Physiological Needs

Most prepotent needs (food, water, oxygen, temperature regulation) that can be completely or overly satisfied and recur regularly.

Safety Needs

Needs for security, order, and freedom from threat; frustration produces basic anxiety, especially in children.

Love & Belongingness Needs

Desires for friendship, family, affection, and acceptance; motivate D-love unless satisfied in early life.

Esteem Needs

Needs for self-respect and the respect of others (reputation & self-esteem); satisfaction leads to confidence.

Self-Actualization Need

The drive to fulfill one’s highest potential, embrace B-values, and become fully human.

Aesthetic Needs

Innate desire for beauty, order, and pleasing experiences; frustration leads to discomfort.

Cognitive Needs

Innate desire to know, understand, and be curious; deprivation fosters skepticism and cynicism.

Neurotic Needs

Nonproductive, compensatory patterns (e.g., hoarding, power) that lead to pathology whether met or not.

Instinctoid Needs

Innate human needs whose deprivation produces pathology and whose satisfaction fosters health (e.g., love, esteem).

Deficiency Needs (D-needs)

Lower-level needs motivated by lack; their gratification stops the motive temporarily.

Being Needs (B-needs)

Higher-level, growth-oriented needs (especially B-values) that motivate self-actualizers through metamotivation.

B-Values

‘Eternal verities’ such as truth, beauty, justice, simplicity, playfulness, and autonomy that guide self-actualizers.

Metamotivation

Motivation of self-actualizers, focused on expressing and fulfilling B-values rather than coping with deficits.

Metapathology

Illness resulting from frustration of B-values—feelings of emptiness, lack of meaning, and valuelessness.

Self-Actualizing Person

Individual who has satisfied lower needs, embraces B-values, and fully uses talents and capacities.

Jonah Complex

Fear of one’s own greatness or best performance; tendency to evade destiny and self-actualization.

Peak Experience

Short, transcendent moment of ecstasy, awe, and unity with the universe; common but more intense in self-actualizers.

Expressive Behavior

Unmotivated, spontaneous expression of the person (e.g., posture, smile) with no specific goal.

Coping Behavior

Conscious, learned actions aimed at satisfying a basic need or solving an environmental demand.

Basic Anxiety (Maslow)

Feeling of insecurity that results from frustrated safety needs.

Deficiency Love (D-Love)

Self-centered, need-based affection motivated by lack of love and belongingness.

Being Love (B-Love)

Unmotivated, genuine love for another’s essence; characteristic of self-actualizers.

Problem-Centering

Self-actualizers’ orientation toward solving external problems and having a life mission beyond self.

Gemeinschaftsgefühl

Adlerian term adopted by Maslow meaning social interest or oneness with all humanity.

Autonomy (Maslow)

Self-actualizers’ independence from external approval; reliance on inner resources.

Freshness of Appreciation

Ability of self-actualizers to repeatedly experience awe and gratitude for everyday events.

Philosophical Sense of Humor

Nonhostile, situation-dependent wit that pokes fun at the human condition rather than ridicules people.

Resistance to Enculturation

Self-actualizers’ detachment from and critical stance toward cultural conventions when these violate B-values.

Taoistic Attitude

Maslow’s proposed scientific stance: noninterfering, receptive, holistic, and value infused.

Desacralization

Cold, value-free scientific approach that strips phenomena of awe and wonder; criticized by Maslow.

Resacralize Science

Maslow’s call to reinfuse science with values, joy, and appreciation of mystery.

Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)

Everett Shostrom’s 150-item forced-choice test designed to measure self-actualizing values and behaviors.

Short Index of Self-Actualization

15-item Likert-scale abridgment of the POI for quicker assessment of self-actualization.

Brief Index of Self-Actualization

32-item scale assessing Core Self-Actualization, Autonomy, Openness to Experience, and Comfort with Solitude.

Positive Psychology

Field emphasizing scientific study of well-being, hope, and positive experiences; inspired partly by Maslow.

Extrinsic Growth Goals

Aspirations focused on money, status, or appearance; linked to lower ego development and well-being.

Intrinsic Growth Goals

Aspirations centered on personal growth, relationships, and community contribution; linked to higher maturity and well-being.

Safety Reversal

Occasional case where a higher need (e.g., creativity) overrides lower ones (e.g., safety) when deeply valued.

Time Competence

POI scale measuring orientation to the present rather than past/future; associated with self-actualization.

Self-Regard

Positive self-evaluation; a POI subscale reflecting acceptance of one’s worth.

Creativeness (Maslow)

Everyday originality and spontaneity in problem solving or expression; not limited to artistic talent.