Digital Society - Algorithms & Computing Devices

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46 Terms

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quantum computing

computers use qubits, which use superposition - instead of being on or off, they can be both on and off or somewhere in between. they are much more efficient at problem solving

<p>computers use qubits, which use superposition - instead of being on or off, they can be both on and off or somewhere in between. they are much more efficient at problem solving</p>
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fifth generation computing

AI; 2010 - present

<p>AI; 2010 - present</p>
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fourth generation computing

microprocessors; 1971-2010

<p>microprocessors; 1971-2010</p>
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third generation computing

integrated circuits; 1964-1971

<p>integrated circuits; 1964-1971</p>
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second generation computing

transistors; 1956-63

<p>transistors; 1956-63</p>
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first generation computing

vacuum tubes; 1940-1946

<p>vacuum tubes; 1940-1946</p>
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compiler

a program that translates the code in the source language into object code in binary and stores the program in a file.

<p>a program that translates the code in the source language into object code in binary and stores the program in a file.</p>
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assembly language

used by programmers to write code for special software or so that a task can be performed very quickly

<p>used by programmers to write code for special software or so that a task can be performed very quickly</p>
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machine or object code

written in binary (0s and 1s) or hexadecimal instructions that the computer can respond to directly.

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high-level language

algorithms are represented by code, designed for programmers and written in a language close to a human language.

<p>algorithms are represented by code, designed for programmers and written in a language close to a human language.</p>
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proprietary software

copyrighted and often downloaded after paying for a license or subscription. In return for payment, users can expect updates and help from the company.

<p>copyrighted and often downloaded after paying for a license or subscription. In return for payment, users can expect updates and help from the company.</p>
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open-source software

free of charge and copyright, allowing the source code to be modified, often by an open-source community

<p>free of charge and copyright, allowing the source code to be modified, often by an open-source community</p>
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malware

software designed to steal data or damage computer/IT systems

<p>software designed to steal data or damage computer/IT systems</p>
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applications software

serves a specific purpose such as a word processor or video editor

<p>serves a specific purpose such as a word processor or video editor</p>
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utility software

designed to perform specific useful tasks that either heop to analyze, configure or maintain the computer

<p>designed to perform specific useful tasks that either heop to analyze, configure or maintain the computer</p>
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haptic interface

allows the user to interact with a device through body sensations and movements

<p>allows the user to interact with a device through body sensations and movements</p>
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GUI

an interface that allows the user to select icons, folders, etc by clicking on them

<p>an interface that allows the user to select icons, folders, etc by clicking on them</p>
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user interface

the means by which human users interact with a digital technology, with the intention of making a user's experience straight forward and intuitive.

<p>the means by which human users interact with a digital technology, with the intention of making a user's experience straight forward and intuitive.</p>
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operating system

software that manages the hardware, software and memory of a commputer as well as providing a user interface

<p>software that manages the hardware, software and memory of a commputer as well as providing a user interface</p>
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secondary storage

a non-volatitle, long-term memory, used to store programs and data until they are required

<p>a non-volatitle, long-term memory, used to store programs and data until they are required</p>
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RAM

short term memory where data is stored temporarily while it is being processed or viewed on screen

<p>short term memory where data is stored temporarily while it is being processed or viewed on screen</p>
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cache

the small amount of memory built into the CPU that stores data while it's being processed

<p>the small amount of memory built into the CPU that stores data while it's being processed</p>
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motherboard

a circuit board that allows data to travel to the different components in a computer

<p>a circuit board that allows data to travel to the different components in a computer</p>
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CPU

The part of a computer that carries out and controls the computer's instructions

<p>The part of a computer that carries out and controls the computer's instructions</p>
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server

a large computer dedicated to managing network resources. They can use specialized server hardware or can be a regular computer with a specific operating system capable of managing network resources

<p>a large computer dedicated to managing network resources. They can use specialized server hardware or can be a regular computer with a specific operating system capable of managing network resources</p>
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mainframe

a large computer used by businesses to host databases, servers used for transactions and business applications. They require high-level security measures

<p>a large computer used by businesses to host databases, servers used for transactions and business applications. They require high-level security measures</p>
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ergonomic design

designing products and systems so that they meet the physical and emotional needs of the user

<p>designing products and systems so that they meet the physical and emotional needs of the user</p>
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Moore's law

the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles every two years

<p>the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles every two years</p>
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personal computer (PC)

A general purpose computer designed for individual use

<p>A general purpose computer designed for individual use</p>
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embedded computer

a combination of hardware and software designed to perform a specific task and incorporated into an electronic or mechanical system

<p>a combination of hardware and software designed to perform a specific task and incorporated into an electronic or mechanical system</p>
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computer

a machine or device that process data, performs calculations and conducts operations based on algorithms provided by software and hardware programs. It can input data, process it, store it and produce an output.

<p>a machine or device that process data, performs calculations and conducts operations based on algorithms provided by software and hardware programs. It can input data, process it, store it and produce an output.</p>
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transparency in algorithms

the ability to understand and be able to explain the inner workings of the algorithm

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black box algorithm

an algorithm that provides insight without clarity on how the conclusions were reached from the data input

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association rule

uncovers how items are associated with eachother and reveals relationships between items in large databases

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prioritization algorithm

a sorting algorithm used by businesses to organize tasks by importance

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programming language

a formal system of symbols and rules used to write instructions that a computer can execute

<p>a formal system of symbols and rules used to write instructions that a computer can execute</p>
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code

the translating of an algorithm into a language so that the program can be run

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flowchart

a visual representation of an algorithm showing an overview from the start to the end.

<p>a visual representation of an algorithm showing an overview from the start to the end.</p>
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natural language

everyday language that everyone can understand

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loop

allows a set of algorithm instructions to repeat when a certain condition is met

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conditionals

when one of the steps in an algorithm is to make a decision or choice

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variables

temporarily store values while the steps of the algorithm are being executed

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feasibility

the algorithm is effective;it's possible to do with the available resources and does not have redundant, unnecessary steps.

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output

data that has been transformed by the process of an algorithm

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input

the data that will be transformed by the procedure of an algorithm.

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algorithm

a procedure or formula for solving a problem that is based on a sequence of steps