research methods

The case study method

an in-depth study of one or more individuals usually with a rare condition or disorder

The survey method

using questionnaires and surveys to poll large groups of people

Naturalistic observation

Observing behaviors as they occur in natural settings or habitats.

Correlation method

two different variables are observed to determine whether there is a relationship between them. Correlation coefficient is a number that varies from +1.00 and -1.00

Experimental method

A method of investigation used to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating one factor thought to produce change in another factor.

IV (Independent Variable)

The variable that is controlled by the researcher. This variable is manipulated in some way

DV (Dependent Variable)

The variable that is measured- this variable depends on the independent variable

Operational Definitions

Specifically defines the variable (i.e., how is 'stress' defined? What is done to measure stress?)

Control groups

Groups who do not receive the treatment (IV) orintervention. These groups serve as a baseline measure.

Random Assignment

placing subjects at random into either the control group or the experimental group(s). Done to ensure that any differences in the groups are due to the manipulation of the IV

Placebo

An inert pill ("sugar pill") given to the control group to control for the 'placebo effect,' when one has an expectation that a treatment will work (this can negatively affect your outcome!)

Double blind study

the experimenters (those helping with the research) and the participants (subjects) are both "blind" to which participants are receiving the actual treatment.