Chapter 8 Female Reproductive System Structures and Functions + NBFWPs

ovum

female sex cell

ovaries

pair of almond shaped organs in pelvic cavity, form and store eggs

uterine tubes

pair of tubes attached to uterus, provide passageway for ovum to move from ovary→uterus

graafian follicles

microscopic sacs that make up most of ovaries, each has immature ovum that develops to maturity monthly

uterus

pear shaped/size muscular organ, lies in pelvic cavity, functions are labor, pregnancy, and menstruation

endometrium

inner lining of uterus, sheds

myometrium

muscular middle layer of uterus, contracts

perimetrium

thin outer layer of uterus, secretes watery fluid to reduce friction

corpus

large central portion of uterus

fundus

rounded upper portion of uterus

cervix

narrow lower portion of uterus, dilated

vagina

passageway from uterus to outside of body

vulva

external genitals of female

perineum

pelvic floor in both sexes, area between vaginal opening and anus in females

bartholin glands

pair of mucous producing glands on each side of vagina, provide lubrication

breasts

pair of milk producing glands, each has ~20 lobules

mammary papilla

breast nipple

areola

pigmented area around breast nipple

breast cancer

malignant tumor of breast

cervical cancer

malignant tumor of cervix (Cx), cause is linked to HPV infection

endometrial cancer

malignant tumor of endometrium, uterine cancer

ovarian cancer

malignant tumor of ovary

adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into muscular p

uterine fibroid

benign fibroid tumor of uterine muscle

uterovaginal prolapse

dropping of uterus and vagina due to weak pelvic muscles

abnormal uterine bleeding

irregular bleeding in absence of pregnancy

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

condition characterized by hormonal imbalances, systems include ovarian cysts, irregular menstruation, acne, infertility

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms before menstruation

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

severe illness, symptoms include high fever, severe cases include shock and death, affects women using tampons

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation of female pelvic organs, caused by various pathogens, can spread upward resulting in infertility

vaginal fistula

abnormal passageway formed between bladder and vagina

bartholin cyst

blockage of one of the glands on either side of vagina, causes a tender, swollen lump

fibrocystic breast changes (FCC)

thickening of tissue, benign cysts, and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A&P repair)

surgical repair of weakened vaginal wall to correct cysto/rectocele

dilation and curettage (D&C)

widens cervix, removes contents from uterus using a curette for scraping and suctioning

conization

surgical removal of cone-shaped area of cervix, treatment for noninvasive cervical cancer

endometrial ablation

destroys or removes endometrium to treat abnormal uterine bleeding

myomectomy

excision of a uterine fibroid

tubal ligation

surgical closure of uterine tubes for sterilization, tubes can be cut and tied

uterine artery embolization (UAE)

placement of small gelatin beads or metal coils into uterine arteries to stop blood flow supplying uterine fibroids to stop hemorrhage after birth