Athletic Training 2

When does rehabilitation begin?

Immediately after injury

What are the components of an athletic trainer’s approach to rehab?

Control pain/inflammation, maintain or improve ROM, Restore and increase strength, Reestablish and increase strength, Reestablish neuromuscular control, Maintain cardiorespiratory fitness

Is there a cookbook approach to rehab

NO

What are the side effects of immobilization?

Number of disuse problems that impacts the muscles, joints, ligaments, neuromuscular efficiency, and Cardiorespiratory system

What is atrophy and how can it be prevented?

Loss of muscle mass, Can be prevented through isometric contraction and electrical stimulation

What happens to ligaments and bones with immobilization

Both adapt to normal stress: Maintaining their strength.

•Without stress, ligaments and bone become weaker.

•High-frequency, short-duration endurance activity positively enhances collagen hypertrophy 

Why should we control for pain within the rehab process?

Pain can interfere with rehab and therefore must be addressed throughout the rehab process.

Four key elements of reestablishing neuromuscular control

Proprioception and kinesthesia, Dynamic stability, preparatory and reactive muscle characteristics, and conscious and unconscious functional motor patterns

What is proprioception?

Joint position sense

What is kinesthesia?

Ability to detect movement

What is the core?

Lumbo-pelvic complex, are where center of gravity is located

What is so important abt the core?

Important component of all comprehensive strength and injury prevention program

Physiological movement vs accessory movements?

Physiological = movement results from from active muscle contraction Accessory= articulating surface moves relative to another

Why would an isometric exercise be used for an injury?

Make sure we can still use that exercise don’t want to change the length 

What the types of isotonic contractions and how do you do them? 

Concentric & Eccentric contractions for plyometrics

​How would you strengthen using isotonic contractions?

Bands and machines

What is an isokinetic exercise and how would you test somebody isokinetically? 

allows for force, torque, and power to be calculated, performed by manual muscle tests, and isotonic dynamometers

What is balance with regards to CoG and base of support?

Entails positioning center of gravity Yes affects while standing still

​What should you monitor when progressing or slowing down somebody?

Weight Bearing EXAMPLE: crutches to boot to walking

What is a functional progression and when should it be incorporated?

Involves a series of gradually progressive activities designed to prepare the individual for return to a specific sport/activity.Should be incorporated into treatment as early as possible.

What makes a good goal?

SMART GOAL mesurable, realistic, and attainable

Phases of healing

Inflammatory response, Repair phase, Maturation remodeling phase

Longest phase of healing

Maturation remodeling phase

How to increase adherence to a rehab program

Make sure there is support from staff

Why is mental preparation important to a rehab program and how can you help with it?

Helps them feel included Make sure they don’t go in scared

Difference between open and closed kinetic exercises?

Open = Foot or hand is not weight bearing Closed = foot and hand are weight bearing

What is fascia and can it affect injuries?

Thick Band of tissue all around body True

Classifications of therapeutic modalities

Ultrasound,  Cryotherapy ,Electromagnetic , Massage, and Lasers

What is the physiological effect of heat?

Produces circulation

Typical ways to apply heat and when would you use them?

Gel Pads(relaxation), Whirl Pools (acute injuries), Parrafin Bath (chronic injuries)

What is cryotherapy typically used for?

First aid treatment of trauma to the musculoskeletal system

Ways to apply cryotherapy and when would you use them?

Ice massage,Ice Water Immersion, ice pack, Vapcoolant spray. Gets rid of pain/bruises

4 stages of cooling

Cold, Burning ,Aching, Numbness

Some indications for electrical modalities

Gate Control, Descending Pain Control, Opiate Pain Control,

How does iontophoresis work?

Use stem to use medication into body

How does ultrasound work?

Sound scatters and is absorbed as it penetrates tissues.

​Piezoelectric effect

Electric charge subjected to mechanical stress

​What is phonophoresis?

Method of driving molecules through the skin using mechanical vibration

What is traction used for?

Drawing tension applied to a body segment.

​How to use traction?

Manual and traction machines can be used.

Types of massage techniques?

Effleurage, Petrissage, Friction, Tapotement,Vibration, and Sports Massage