PHYS 3315 EXAM 1 practice

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19 Terms

1

When a blood vessel is injured, platelets release clotting factors that attract more platelets to the site, forming a clot to prevent further blood loss.

True or False: This is an example of homeostatic regulation by a negative feedback loop.

False - positive feedback

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2

A lizard shuttling between the sun and shade to maintain a stable body temperature is best described as a ________.

behaviorally thermoregulating ectotherm

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3

Fish that live in colder water are likely to have ________ fatty acid chains in their membrane compared to fish in warm environments.

more unsaturated

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4

Phospholipids in the cell membrane are composed of:

hydrophilic head & hydrophobic tail

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5

When DNA methylation occurs in a promoter region, it typically:

blocks gene trancription

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6

Which of the following is FALSE about intracellular receptors?

  • They are bound to the cell membrane

  • They act as transcription factors when bound with their ligand

  • They are proteins

they are bound to the cell membrane

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7

True or false: your transcriptome can change within a few hours.

True

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8

As temperature increases, diffusion rate ___________

and as distance between solutions increases, diffusion rate ____________.

increases, decreases

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9

Which of these best describes facilitated diffusion?

 

  • Passive movement in the direction of the concentration gradient

  • Uses a transporter to cross in the direction of the concentration gradient

  • Uses a transporter to cross in the direction opposite to concentration gradient

uses a transporter to cross in the direction of the concentration gradient

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10

Hot temperatures can alter protein conformation in a process called __________. However, ________ can assist in conformational folding thereby returning the protein's function.

denaturation, chaperones

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11

The way that your thermostat on your home controls the temperature can be described as _______.

negative feedback

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12

Which of the following is true:

  • a proteins 3D structure is fixed and unchangeable

  • there are only 2 possible 3D structures a protein can take

  • a protein’s primary structure is held by strong, covalent bonds

  • there are only 22 possible sequence of amino acids that can for a protein

a protein’s primary structure is held together by strong, covalent bonds

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13

what is an effect of cholesterol embedded in the membrane:

  • It stabilizes the membrane at high temperatures by raising the melting point

  • It preserves fluidity of the membrane at low temperatures by preventing phospholipids from packing too tightly

  • Both of the above are true

  • Neither of the above are true

both are true

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14

You observe epithelial cells with a “brush border” under the microscope. What assumption can you make about these cells?

the cells are likely involved in absorption and secretion

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15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

  • ATP acts as a secondary messenger in signal transduction pathways

  • ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes

  • ATP is a substrate for DNA replication

  • ATP provides structural support to cell membranes

ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes

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16

Glycolysis, as a method of ATP production, is characterized by which of the following?

  • It requires oxygen to proceed and occurs in the mitochondria

  • It does not require oxygen and results in the formation of pyruvate or lactic acid

  • It produces a high yield of ATP per glucose molecule

  • It is the primary method of energy production in aerobic organisms

it doesn’t require oxygen and results in the formation of pyruvate or lactic acid

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17

Which statement about brown adipose tissue (BAT) is FALSE?

  • BAT cells contain more mitochondria than typical adipose cells

  • BAT is critical in non-shivering thermogenesis

  • BAT is often observed in adult humans living in cold climates

  • BAT is often observed in hibernating mammals

BAT is often observed in adult humans living in cold climates

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18

DNA methylation typically occurs on which nucleotide base?

C - cytosine

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19

Which of these regulatory regions for a given gene is closer to the transcription start site? promoter, enhancer, or exon

promoter

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