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When a blood vessel is injured, platelets release clotting factors that attract more platelets to the site, forming a clot to prevent further blood loss.
True or False: This is an example of homeostatic regulation by a negative feedback loop.
False - positive feedback
A lizard shuttling between the sun and shade to maintain a stable body temperature is best described as a ________.
behaviorally thermoregulating ectotherm
Fish that live in colder water are likely to have ________ fatty acid chains in their membrane compared to fish in warm environments.
more unsaturated
Phospholipids in the cell membrane are composed of:
hydrophilic head & hydrophobic tail
When DNA methylation occurs in a promoter region, it typically:
blocks gene trancription
Which of the following is FALSE about intracellular receptors?
They are bound to the cell membrane
They act as transcription factors when bound with their ligand
They are proteins
they are bound to the cell membrane
True or false: your transcriptome can change within a few hours.
True
As temperature increases, diffusion rate ___________
and as distance between solutions increases, diffusion rate ____________.
increases, decreases
Which of these best describes facilitated diffusion?
Â
Passive movement in the direction of the concentration gradient
Uses a transporter to cross in the direction of the concentration gradient
Uses a transporter to cross in the direction opposite to concentration gradient
uses a transporter to cross in the direction of the concentration gradient
Hot temperatures can alter protein conformation in a process called __________. However, ________ can assist in conformational folding thereby returning the protein's function.
denaturation, chaperones
The way that your thermostat on your home controls the temperature can be described as _______.
negative feedback
Which of the following is true:
a proteins 3D structure is fixed and unchangeable
there are only 2 possible 3D structures a protein can take
a protein’s primary structure is held by strong, covalent bonds
there are only 22 possible sequence of amino acids that can for a protein
a protein’s primary structure is held together by strong, covalent bonds
what is an effect of cholesterol embedded in the membrane:
It stabilizes the membrane at high temperatures by raising the melting point
It preserves fluidity of the membrane at low temperatures by preventing phospholipids from packing too tightly
Both of the above are true
Neither of the above are true
both are true
You observe epithelial cells with a “brush border” under the microscope. What assumption can you make about these cells?
the cells are likely involved in absorption and secretion
Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?
ATP acts as a secondary messenger in signal transduction pathways
ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes
ATP is a substrate for DNA replication
ATP provides structural support to cell membranes
ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes
Glycolysis, as a method of ATP production, is characterized by which of the following?
It requires oxygen to proceed and occurs in the mitochondria
It does not require oxygen and results in the formation of pyruvate or lactic acid
It produces a high yield of ATP per glucose molecule
It is the primary method of energy production in aerobic organisms
it doesn’t require oxygen and results in the formation of pyruvate or lactic acid
Which statement about brown adipose tissue (BAT) is FALSE?
BAT cells contain more mitochondria than typical adipose cells
BAT is critical in non-shivering thermogenesis
BAT is often observed in adult humans living in cold climates
BAT is often observed in hibernating mammals
BAT is often observed in adult humans living in cold climates
DNA methylation typically occurs on which nucleotide base?
C - cytosine
Which of these regulatory regions for a given gene is closer to the transcription start site? promoter, enhancer, or exon
promoter