Module 1 ANS 3190

Macronutrients

Nutrients that are required in large amounts in the diet

Micronutrients

Nutrients that are required in small amounts in the diet

Essential nutrients

Nutrients that must be obtained in the diet because the body cannot synthesize them in adequate amounts

Non-essential nutrients

Nutrients that are not required in the diet because the body can produce adequate amounts

Ingestion

The act of taking food into the gastrointestinal tract

Digestion

breaking down food into molecules that are small enough for body to absorb

Absorption

taking up small molecules from the digestive compartments to the blood

Metabolism

the utilization of nutrients for the bodily functions

What part of the plant contains high fiber and moisture content?

Stems and Leaves

What part of the plant contains low fiber and is high in protein and starch?

Beans and Grains

Forages

high moisture and fiber, low protein, starch, and fat content; larger particles —> More chewing

Concentrates

Low moisture and fiber, high in protein, starch and fiber; less chewing, smaller particle size

Pasture:

Type of forage

Flaw with pastureland

season growth; difficult to feed livestock year round

Hay

Preserved forage that is dried by the sun to 18%-20%; made of grass or legume forage

Silage

Harvested and Chopped at correct maturity; stored in O2 free container; sugars are fermented by bacteria to lactic acid

Silage/haylage is preserved similarly to a

PICKLE

Haylage

Foraged is dried to 50%; baled and wrapped in at least 6 layers of 1.0mm plastic

Grain crop Residue (straw and stover)

Plant left behind after harvest; extremely dry; moisture 10-15%; Extremely high in fiber, low in nutrients

Energy Concentrates examples

Corn, barley, wheat

Energy Concentrate nutrients

high in starch and digestibility and low in fiber

Fat supplements (animal Fat)

beef tallow; or pork fat; fat from restaurants

Industrial by-products

dried distillers grains; beet pulp; citrus pulp

Why do producers feed industrial by-products?

Cheap; helps eliminate waste; allows more of the cereal grains to go to other sources

Cell wall consists of

Hemicellulose, Cellulose, Lignin

Cell contents =

Starch, Sugar, Protein, Fat, Minerals

Ash is everything in the DM except,

Organic matter

NDF stands for:

Neutral detergent Fiber

ADF

Acid Detergent Fiber

NDS stands for

Neutral Detergent soluble

NDS consists of

starch sugar, protein, fat, minerals

ADF consists of

cellulose and lignin

as ADF ____, Digestibility _____

increases, decreases

Fat is collected and called

Ether extract

Who came up with a method to measure CP

Kjedahl

Nitrogen in a sample is multiplied by ___ to get CP

6.25

Digestability

% of nutrients that are digested and absorbed