politicd 1st half term usa cold war

The end of detente

Reagen, ussr in afganistan, ussr getting more nuclears, ussr and human rights, and bad economies

Causes of the new cold war

Ussr invaded afganistan for oil, poland with solidarity, economic issues, ostpolitik udner threat, star wars, 1983 they tried to make shields for ICBMs, shooting of south korean plane

Cases of usa afagan war

Strategic concerns

Islamic fundamentalists

Geograohy

Culture

Courses of the usa afgan war

Proxy war, usa spent 20 billion, extension of the brezchnev doctrine, pakistan supported afgansiatn, invasion outside of the warsaw pact

Consequences of the ussr afgan war

Ended salt 2 economic impact, veterens angry, more military funding, ended detente

Brezchnev era

1964-1985

Brezchnev died in 1982 gorbachev came in 1985

Bad economy, alcoholism, agricluture and innovation

Gorbachev

Perestroika and glasnost

Was a hard time due to the afgan war and helsinki accords

Spring 1986 media censorship stopped

Geneva summit

Novemebr 1985

Established foundations

Rekjavik summit

October 1986

Gorbachev prosed no nulcears

Washington summit

Decmebr 1987 ICBM banned

Moscow summit

May 1988 more bans

Malta summit

Decemebr 1989 cold war over complete peace

The downfall of of communism in poland

Marshall alw to stop solidaroty

Some perestroika reforms

Jaruzelski met with solidaroty for reforms like free tarde and elections

August tadeusz mozowjecki first non ommunsit leader

Striked feb 1980 not repressed

The downfall of of communism in Hungary

Got 1 billion from gdr to make reforms

Resentment towards janos kadar

June 1989 free elections

The downfall of of communism in Romania

Imports reduced, workers protests, ban aboritions, 17/12/89 big protests cracked down on, strict rationing

The downfall of of communism in Czechia

Communisst lost power in 28/11/89

Protsting in novemebr after ebrlin wall fell

The downfall of of communism in Bulgaria

Perestroika and glasnost

Struggled with debt repayments

Free eelctions in 1990

Novemebr 1989 zhivkov stepped down

Gorbachev wanted to end economic aid

The downfall of of communism in GDR

Borrowed a lot from the west

Spent on defence

Had around 50,000 border troops

People protested late 1989

10/11/89 wall opened

Gorbachev popular tehre

The renification of germany

Factors effecting it were kohl the gdr chancellor he got loans fore conomic reforms he wanted reunififctaion and 93% voted for him usa wanted reunifictaion but uk and france felt more threatened

3rd october 1990 they reunififed

Yeltsin in gorbachev out

Gorbachev was removed because of high food prices, food shortage, nationalist groups, ukrainan nationalism and the union treaty

Shock therapy was gorbachev trying to move from communsim

2nd jan 1992 there was privatisation allowed

40% in poverty in the ussr less life expectancy and more death

Yeltsin

Decmebr 1991 to decemebr 1999

Had the 1993 crisis Where he dismissed them in setmebr and they argued more in octoebr

Causes of yugoslavia war

Tito died may 1980

Ethnic rivalry

Economic issues

Nationalism

Inflation being 300%

Courses of yugoslavia war

1990 republic split up and yugoslvaia declared independace

Consequences of yugoslvaia war

100,000 people died

High tension

Dayton agreement

1995 dayton agreement

Cause by serbian violence 100,000 deaths nato strike august 1995 bosnians taking un people hostage ethnic tensions

Consequences are independance they all got their own govenrment and nato oversaw the agreement

Joseph tito

Yugoslavia leader 1943-1980

Solidaroty made date

31/8/80

Polish independance declared by solidarity date

9/81

Marshall law declared on solidarity date

13/10/81

Miners strike in poland date

23/10/81

Solidarity banned date

1982

Solidaroty stopped date

1988

Evil empire speech date

8/3/83

Reagens adress speech date

16/1/83

Ussr vs afganistan dates

1979-1989

Geneva summit date

11/85

Rekjavik summit date

10/86

Washington summit date

12/87

Moscow summit date

5/88

Malta summit date

12/89

Date that jaru zelski met with solidaroty

Feb 1989

Polish strikes date

Feb 1988

Romanian protests date

17/12/89

Czechoslovak communists lost power date

28/11/89

Bulgarian free elections date

1990

Zhivkov stepped down date

November 1989

Berlin wall fell date

10/11/89

Gdr and frg combined date

3/10/90

Ussr allowed privatisation

2/1/92

Yelstin dates

1991-1999

When was the 1993 crisis

1993

When did yeltsin dismiss parliment

9/93

When did yeltsin argue with parliment

10/93

When did the chechyan war start

10/94

When did the chechyan rebels take the hospital hostage

7/95

When did russia invade chechnya

8/99

When waas chechyn dclared independance

1991

When did tito die

5/80

When did the republic in yugoslavia declare independace

1990

How many members did solidarity have

10 million

How much money did solidarity have from the usa a year

2 million

How much did hungary get from the gdr from economic reforms

1 billion

How many border troops did the gdr have

50,000

How many people voted for kohl

93%

How many were in poverty in russia after shock therapy

40%

What was yugoslavias inflation at before the war

300%

How many died in the yugoslavia war

100,000

Gorbachev

3/85-8/91

Jaruzelski

Polsih pm until august 1988

Tadeusz mozowjecki

Polish pm after 8/88

Zhivkov

Bulgarian pm until 11/89

Yeltsin

10/1991-12/1999

Kohl

Gdr leader 1982-1998

Tito

Yugoslavia leadr 1953-1980

Realist view of human nature

Human nature is very selfish

Humans are competative and naturally want t dominate eachother

John mearshimer

Russian invasion of ukraine wanted power and land

Liberal view of human nature

Liberals think human nature is positive

Liberals want collaberation and when conflict starts it is bc there was no platform for diplomacy

Js mill humans want collaberation and community

Russian invasion of ukraine because there was no platform for diplomacy

Realists think human nature is bad and diplomacy cant fix this

Realist view of the impact of the nation state on global politics

The nation state is the most important actor in state politics

States are soviergn and competative

John merashimer states want to dominate eachother

Russian invasion of ukraine wanted more power

Liberal view on the impact of the nation state on politics

Liberals think that supranational organisations are more important

Liberals think that these organisations can use sanctions and talks to make the big changes in global politicis

Locke humans want collaberation and diplomacy

Russian invasion of ukraine because there was no platform for diplomacy

Realists think that the states make up these supranational organisations so this makes no sense

Realist view on security

Realists would think that security is the most important aspect of a countries politics

Defence is most important to the country Security dillema

Kenneth waltz politics is selfish and not nice

Russian invasion of ukraine

Liberal view on security

Liberals think that politics and security is abiut collabseration

Would point to things like NATO

Francis mahoya thinks that liberal democracy will take over the world

NATO

Realists would think this is just a platform for security

Realist view on the effectiveness of international organs

They are ineffective

The states that make them up are the most important aspect

Kenneth waltz bipolarity not multipolarity theory of intenational politics

The UN ireal

Liberal view on the effectiveness of international organs

Liberals think that these organisations do make a differnece

Js mills humans want collaberation

UNICEF

They would say this is idealistic

Realist view of human nature and power

Human nature is bad

They crave power

Burke humans are selfish and competative

Russian invasion of ukraine

Liberal view of human nature and power

Human nature is good

Humans want collaberation js mill

Above

The UN and syria

They would say this is strategic and look at isreal

The UNGA is effective

Represntative of most countries

Accounatbility syria chemical weapons raised awareness to prevent further usage

Legitimacy all states have a right to be there and equal say

Unga is ineffective

Representative observer states

Accountability isreal wanted by the ICJ no impact at all

Legitimacy no impact climate as a key issue makes no change

The UNSC is effective

Lack of congestion as tehre is only 5 members Represntative of a variety of ideologies Veto power allows states to limit the power of others

Unsc is not effective

Nothing gets done bc of veto power russia

Not geographically represntative

Lack legtimacy

Unga is in need of reform

Observer states palestine

Multipolarity china

Lack of legitimacy russia

Unga is not in need of reform

Represntative

Legitimacy

Accountability

Unsc is in need of reform

Veto power

Lack of states

Multipolarity

Unsc is not in need of reform

Need to limit powers

Multipolarity

Always going to happen

Un can maintain peace and security

Syria

Yugoslavia

Sanctions on trade

Un can not maintain peace and security

Veto power

Yugoslavia nato

Multipolarity

Shared criticisms of the unga and unsc

Unrepresntative

Lack legitimacy and authority

Lack acocuntabiloty

Shared strengths of unga and unsc

UNGA is and ideologically represntative

Allow for soverignity

Cant have better accountability bias icj

The UN has failed at its peacekeeping and peacemaking role

Isreal

Ughur muslims

Russia

Un is sucesfull at peacekeeping and peacemaking

Syria

Sa

ICJ

The role of nato has changed overtime

More multipolarity

Much bigger

Range of ideology

Role of nato has not changed overtime

Western based

Same aims

More global