Macromolecules

Foods that contain carbohydrates

grains, fruit, plants, and corn

Carbohydrate is made up of the elements

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Carbohydrate functions are

short term energy only from plants

Cellulose is a

carbohydrate

Cellulose is the

structure of the cell walls in plants

Glycogen is directly related to carbohydrates

carbohydrates

Glycogen is the body’s way of

storing energy in the muscles and it lives inside of animal cells

the monomer(s) of a carbohydrate are

monosaccharides for example: glucose (sugar)

the polymer(s) of a carbohydrate are

polysaccharides for example: starches

carbohydrates can be

rings, chains, branches, and glycosidic bonds

glycosidic bonds are

covalent bonds that link sugar (carbohydrate) molecules to each other or to other molecules

Carbohydrates have a [ ] ratio

1:2:1

Lipids are made of the elements

carbon, hydrogens, oxygen, and sometimes phosphorus

structural features of a lipid are

long chains, fatty acids, glycerol, and if it has long chains of hydrocarbons

hydrocarbons are

hydrogen and carbon pairs

The monomer(s) of a lipid are

glycerol and fatty acids

the polymer(s) of a lipid are

fats, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids

lipids store energy for

long time use in forms of fats

lipids provide

insulation from environments for plants and animals

foods that contain lipids are

butter, olives, fried food, seeds, and beeswax

Proteins are made up of the elements

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

the shape is critical in a proteins function

Proteins have a

central carbon that is surrounded by 4 compounds

the monomer(s) of a protein is

amino acid

the polymer(s) of a protein is

polypeptide

proteins have a very diverse range of functions:

structural, regulatory, contractile, and protective

foods that contain proteins are

meats

Nucleic acids are made up of the elements

carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus

structural features of nucleic acids are

RNA, and single nitrogens

Monomers of nucleic acids is

nucleotide

polymers of nucleic acids are

DNA and RNA

Functions of nucleic acids are

storing, transmitting, and expressing genetic information

foods that contain nucleic acids are

plants