psych exam two - chapter 5

fight or flight response

physical and psychological responses to a threat - hypothalamus activates 2 systems:

• autonomic nervous system

• adrenal-cortical system (cortisol released a stress hormone)

ptsd

anxiety disorder characterized by repeated mental images of experiencing a traumatic event, emotional numbing and detachment, and hyper-vigilance and chronic arousal

flashbacks

uncontrollable, intense, and repeated episodes force the individual to relive the traumatic experience

dissociation

different facets of sense of self or consciousness become disconnected from one another

ptsd symptoms

• repeated experience of the trauma

• avoidance

• negative changes in thought and mood

• hyper vigilance or chronic arousal

• ptsd with prominent dissociative symptoms: depersonalization and derealization

ptsd consequence of

extreme stressors

ptsd risk factors

• environmental and social factors (severity, duration, and proximity to trauma/social support)

• psychological factors (pre-existing anxiety and depression/coping strategies)

• gender and cross-cultural differences (gender/culture influences the manifestation of anxiety)

• neuroimaging findings (brains more reactive to emotional stimuli)

• biochemical findings (low resting levels of cortisol, exaggerated physiological responses to stress, extreme stress during childhood)

• genetics (vulnerability to ptsd can be inherited)

adjustment order

panic disorder

how phobias are reinforced

applied tension technique

cbt treatment for anxiety disorders

social anxiety disorder

generalized anxiety disorder and GABA

obsessive compulsive disorder

exposure and prevention therapy

results of the covid 19 pandemic related to anxiety

psychodynamic treatment

evolutionary perspective and anxiety