Concepts for Physics Final

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

true

Energy cannot be transferred from one object to another.

false, energy can be transferred from one object to another because of the law of conservation of energy

The total energy in a closed system always remains constant.

true

Gravitational potential energy increases as height increases.

true

Kinetic energy exists even when an object is perfectly still.

false, kinetic energy involves velocity meaning the object must be moving for kinetic energy to exist

Elastic potential energy comes from stretched or compressed objects like springs.

true

Momentum is measured in kg·m/s.

true

Momentum has both magnitude and direction.

true

An elastic object stays permanently deformed after a collision.

false, elastic objects return to their original shape after being stretched or compressed.

In an elastic collision, objects bounce off each other.

true

In inelastic collisions, objects stick together and become deformed.

true

A wave transfers energy but not mass.

true

Wave speed is measured in meters per second.

true

The medium does not affect how fast a wave travels.

false, the medium is what the wave is traveling through, so it varies meaning it does affect how fast a wave travels

Amplitude is the distance from the equilibrium line to the crest or trough.

true

Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) and is the number of waves passing per second.

true

The crest is the lowest point of a wave.

false, the trough is the lowest point

The trough is the highest point of a wave.

false, the crest is the highest point

Wavelength is the distance between two identical points in consecutive cycles.

true

The period is the time it takes to complete one wave cycle.

true

Lambda (λ) represents one full wave cycle.

true

A pulse is equal to a full wavelength.

false, a pulse is equal to a half of a full wavelength

The equilibrium line connects all the antinodes

false, the equilibrium connects all the nodes

A more energetic wave has greater amplitude and/or frequency.

true

The direction of particle motion in a longitudinal wave is perpendicular to the wave direction.

false, the particle motion of a longitudinal wave is parallel to wave direction

Standing waves appear to be stationary.

true

There are always more antinodes than nodes in a standing wave.

false, there is always 1 more node than antinode

Amplitude and wave speed depend directly on each other.

false, wave speed depends on the medium while amplitude depends on energy

Conductors like copper allow electricity to flow easily.

true

Insulators like rubber and wood prevent the flow of electricity.

true

A resistor in a circuit consumes or uses electrical energy.

true

A joule is the SI unit of electrical energy.

true

Electrical charge can be positive, negative, or neutral.

true

A coulomb is the SI unit for electrical charge.

true

A volt is equal to energy per unit of charge (V = C/J).

false, a volt is the opposite, a J/C

Current is measured in amperes (A = C/s).

true

Watt is a unit of electrical power, equal to energy per second.

true

Ohm is the unit of electrical resistance.

true

Electrons flow from the resistor into the conductor to generate electricity.

false, the resistor receives the energy

An incandescent light bulb produces light by heating a filament.

true