A.P.U.S.H. WWI

Alsace-Lorraine

Territory disputed between France and Germany dfrom 1871-1918.

Militarism

a political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggresively to defend or promote national interests

Francis Ferdinand

(1863-1914) Heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in Sarajevo set in motion the events that started World War I.

Western Front casualty

22 Million people died.

Contraband

goods whose importation or exportation or possession is prohibited by law. World War I

U-boat

a German submarine that was the first submarine employed in warfare, initially used during WWI

Neutrality

nonparticipation in a dispute or war. The US was neutral during WWI until 1917.

Lusitania

American boat that was sunk by the German U-boats; made America consider entering WWI

Zimmermann Note

a secret document to Mexico that said Germany would help them regain lost territories in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico if they joined the war on the Central Powers side

New military technology

Tanks, gas masks, airplanes, hand grenades, heavy aritllery, submarines, trench warfare.

"He kept us out of war."

President W. Wilson on his reelection that he had kept us out of WWI.

Selective Service Act

This 1917 law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. By the end of WWI, 24.2 had registered; 2.8 had been inducted into the army. Age limit was later changed to 18 to 45.

Bernard Baruch

He headed the War Industries Board which placed the control of industries into the hands of the federal government. It was a prime example of War Socialism.

Committee on Public Information

It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons.

George Creel

Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI

How did the US prepare its military, economy, and people for war?

Selective Service Act is created, military buildup, women will take the work of the men fifghting in the war.

Conscientious objectors

opposed fighting in the war on moral or religious grounds

Espionage Act

This law, passed after the United States entered WWI, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection.

Schenck vs. United States

under the Espionage Act of 1917, a person can not use the first ammendment as protection when speaking against the US government and military. "Clear and present danger"

The role of women in the war

Replaced men fighting in Europe

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

How did the war provide new opportunities for women, African Americans, and Mexican Americans?

They all replaced millions of men fighting in the from, it cantributed to the economy and production of weapons neede in the war.

Convoy

a collection of merchant ships with an escort of warships

Vladimir Lenin

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)

John J. Pershing

commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

Fourteen Points

the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations

Self-determination

the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Henry Cabot Lodge

Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations

Reparations

payment for damages after a war

"Irreconcilables"

Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations

reservationists

Senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were made - led by Henry Cabot Lodge

Allied leaders

wanted Germany punished for its part in the war; did mot share Wilson's vision of a Peace without victory

Why did America reject the Treaty of Versailles?

It was that the League of Nations had become part of the treaty. The U.S. did not want its foreign policy decided by another body, so they rejected the treaty

Influenza

viral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue. WWI

Inflation

a general and progressive increase in prices

Red Scare

period in US when there was a suspicion of communism and fear of widespread infultration of communists in the US gvnt

Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities

Sacco and Vanzetti

were two italian born american laborers and anarchists who were tired convicted and executed via electrocution on Aug 3 1927 in MA for the 1920 armed robbery. it is believed they had nothing to do with the crime

Warren G. Harding

president after World War I who promised to return the US to normalism

Creditor nation

a nation that exports more than it imports, so that it is owed money by other nations

What were the causes of WWI in Europe? For America?

Europe:Militarism, imperialism, assassination of Arch Duke Francis Ferdinad. America: Sinking of the Lusitania.

How did the war affect Americans at home?

Many mothers opposed the war because they did not wanted send their sons to war.

How did Americans affect the end of WWI and its peace settlements?

Americans were fresh and propossed the Traty of Versailles.

What political, economic, and social effects did WWI have on the US?

Wilson's Fourteen Points Speech, many American people died during the war. The US economy boosted.

Who were the main groups of senators that opposed the treaty of Versailles, and what positions did they hold? Who supported the treaty?

The irreconcilables opposed the treaty, the conservationists supperted it.

What conditions led to a weak postwar economy?

Buying on marging and living the life in the moment

How did the presidential election of 1920 show Americans' rejection of Wilson's ideas?

The Americans did not wanted to know anything about war.