3 Conducting Psychological Research

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16 Terms

1

Operational Definition

A definition specifying the operations or procedures used to produce or measure something, often giving it a numerical value.

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2

Dependent Variable

The outcome variable that is being measured in an experiment, such as a depression score.

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3

Independent Variable

A variable that is manipulated or controlled in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

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4

Experimental Group

The group in an experiment that receives the treatment being tested.

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5

Control Group

A group treated in the same way as the experimental group, except it does not receive the experimental treatment.

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6

Placebo Effect

A person's response to a placebo, which can be positive or negative depending on their expectations.

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7

Correlation Studies

Research examining the statistical relationship between two variables.

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8

Naturalistic Observation

A research method involving observing subjects in their natural environment without interference.

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9

Self-report Inventories

Surveys or assessments that ask participants to report on their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

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10

Descriptive Statistics

Used to summarize data, including measures like mean, median, and mode.

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11

Inferential Statistics

Tools used to make inferences about the larger population from sample data.

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12

Causation

The relationship between cause and effect, which cannot be inferred from correlation alone.

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13

Research Methodology

The systematic approach to collecting and analyzing data in research.

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14

Psychological Construct

A way to describe aspects of human behavior, emotion, or experience that is difficult to physically measure.

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15

Convenience Sample

A sample that includes anyone who is available, often lacking generalizability.

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16

Random Sample

A sample in which every individual in the population has the same chance of being chosen.

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