CHAPTER 28

BIOAO2H3

In all bryophytes, the sporophyte is dependent upon the gametophyte.

a.      True

b.      False

a.      True

Stem growth occurs exclusively at the shoot tip.

a.      True

b.      False

a.      True

The mature female gametophyte of an angiosperm is

a.      the archegonium and its egg cell

b.      the ovule inside the ovary

c.      the carpel after pollination

d.      an embryo sac with eight nuclei and seven cells

d.      an embryo sac with eight nuclei and seven cells

The ovary develops into a fruit and the ovule which is inside the ovary develops into a seed after fertilization.

a.      True

b.      False

a.      True

Which of the following play the same functional role in dispersal? \n a) moss sperm and angiosperm pollen \n b) liverwort spores and gymnosperm pollen \n c) lycophyte sperm and fern spores \n d) gymnosperm pollen and angiosperm seeds \n e) fern spores and gymnosperm seeds

e) fern spores and gymnosperm seeds

Which of the following is not a basic plant type?

a.      meristems

b.      epidermis

c.      pith

c.      pith

The mature male gametophyte of pine is

a.      as pollen grain

b.      the germinated pollen grain containing two sperm

c.      a tree bearing pollen

d.      the pollen producing cone

b.      the germinated pollen grain containing two sperm

Besides photosynthesis, leaves can: \n A. provide protection \n B. serve as a way for plants to climb \n C. trap \n D. attract pollinators \n E. All the above

E. All the above

Which evolutionary advance gave the gymnosperms an adaptive advantage at the time they were evolving?

a.      cuticle

b.      seed

c.      fruit

d.      leaf

e.      vascular tissue

b.      seed

Which of the options is not diploid (2n)? \n a. an angiosperm seed \n b. pollen \n c. rose petals \n d. tree bark \n e. the roots of a pine tree

b. pollen

Which of the following statements is correct about the gametophytic stage in the alternation of generation within the life cycle of a plant?

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a.      It is the generation that produces the gametes

b.      It is the generation that produces the spores

c.      It is the generation that produces vascular tissue

d.      It is the diploid generation of a plant

a.      It is the generation that produces the gametes

Fleshy fruits that are brightly colored are often dispersed by

a.      insects

b.      water

c.      mammals

d.      birds

e.      wind

d.      birds

Unlike the flow through vessels, water conducted by tracheids must flow through.

a.      pits

b.      sieve plats

c.      pores

a.      pits

Alternation between a gamete producing and a spore-producing generation exists in

a.      Bryophytes

b.      Vascular plants

c.      All of the above

c.      All of the above

The _______________ ultimately matures into a fruit.

a.      integument

b.      carpel

c.      ovary

d.      archegonium

e.      ovule

c.      ovary

The eggs of seed plants are fertilized within ovules, and the ovules then develop into _____.

a.      seeds

b.      spores

c.      gametophytes

d.      fruit

e.      sporophytes       

a.      seeds

The structure traditionally called pistil is more precisely called

a.      style

b.      archegonium

c.      ovary

d.      pollen tube

e.      carpel

e.      carpel

In a flowering plant, meiosis occurs within the _____, producing a spore that develops into a female gametophyte.

a.      fruit

b.      seed

c.      stamen

d.      anther

e.      ovule    

e.      ovule    

Which of the following is part of the third whorl?

a.      calyx

b.      petal

c.      corolla

d.      stamen

e.      sepal

d.      stamen

What is the order of flower whorls from outter to inner?

   i.     Sepals

   ii.     Petals

  iii.     Stamens

   iv.     Pistils

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a.      i, ii, iii, iv

b.      i, ii, iv, iii

c.      iv, ii, iii, i

e.      iv, iii, ii, i

a.      i, ii, iii, iv

In the evolution of land plants, sporophytes became dominant over gametophytes due primarily to what adaptation?

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a.      airborne pollen

b.      vascular tissue

c.      seeds

d.      diploidy

e.      flowers

b.      vascular tissue

There are four whorls in a flower.

a.      True

b.      False

a.      True

Which of the following statements about gymnosperms and angiosperms is incorrect?

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a.      The sporophyte is the dominate, conspicuous phase.

b.      Both produce triploid endosperm tissue to feed the developing embryo.

c.      The sporophyte is well adapted to conditions on dry land.

d.      The female gametophytes are attached to and protected by the sporophyte.

e.      Both produce pollen and seeds.

b.      Both produce triploid endosperm tissue to feed the developing embryo.

Before aquatic plants could move onto the land, they had to:

a.      develop a way to absorb minerals from the soil

b.      find a means of conserving water

c.      develop a way to reproduce on land

d.      all the above

e.      none of the above

d.      all the above

Meiosis will produce spores in the _____.

a.      receptacle

b.      sepal

c.      petal

d.      anther

e.      ovary

d.      anther

The development of a vascular system in plants allowed:

a.      water to move from the roots to the leaves

b.      carbohydrates to move from the leaves to the roots

c.      a rigid structure that enabled plants to grow taller

d.      both a and b

e.      a, b, and c

e.      a, b, and c

The phylum of plants that includes mosses is:

a.      Hepaticophyta

b.      Anthocerophyta

c.      Bryophyta

d.      Pterophyta

e.      Lycophyta

c.      Bryophyta

What is endosperm?

a.      male reproductive cells in plants

b.      stored food in a seed

c.      cells that make up the bulk of a pollen grain

d.      the fleshy part of a fruit

e.      plant chromosomes

b.      stored food in a seed

Seeds have advantages over spores. For example, __________.

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a.      seeds contain the young plants, an abundant food supply, and a protective covering

b.      seeds can live for extended periods of time, at reduced metabolic rates, germinating when conditions are favorable

c.      seeds are single cells, demanding fewer nutrients from the parent plants

d.      seeds need fewer nutrient reserves because they are a single cell

e.      most seeds are poisonous, so they are not utilized as food for animals or plants, so they persist in the environment

a.      seeds contain the young plants, an abundant food supply, and a protective covering

Gymnosperms __________.

a.      produce seeds that are totally exposed

b.      have a protective covering around the ovule

c.      are a diverse group that includes oaks, apples, and corn

d.      are the world's most successful plants today, including more than 250,000 species

e.      are divided into monocots and dicots

a.      produce seeds that are totally exposed

An explorer found a plant that had roots, stems, and leaves. It had no flowers but produced seeds. This plant sounds like a(n) _____.

a.      fern

b.      bryophyte

c.      angiosperm

d.      moss

e.      gymnosperm

e.      gymnosperm

Which of the following best describes how fertilization occurs in a conifer?

a.      A sperm cell swims through a film of moisture to fertilize the egg.

b.      A pollen grain carried by wind fertilizes the egg.

c.      A pollen grain carried by wind carries a sperm that fertilizes the egg.

d.      A sperm cell carried by wind fertilizes the egg.

e.      A pollen grain swims through a film of moisture to fertilize the egg.

c.      A pollen grain carried by wind carries a sperm that fertilizes the egg.

The male gametophyte in pine is commonly known as _____.

a.      the microspore

b.      the seed

c.      the fruit

d.      pollen

e.      wood    

d.      pollen

Pollen is __________ and contains __________.

a.      diploid ... spores

b.      diploid ... sperm nuclei

c.      haploid ... spores

d.      haploid ... sperm nuclei

e.      diploid ... a new sporophyte

d.      haploid ... sperm nuclei

Both gymnosperms and angiosperms have _____.

a.      pollen

b.      seeds

c.      ovules

d.      pollen and seeds

e.      pollen, seeds, and ovules.

e.      pollen, seeds, and ovules.

All gametophytes are:

a.      single-celled

b.      haploid

c.      diploid

d.      heterosporous

b.      haploid

Most species of plants are _____.

a.      non-seed-bearing plants

b.      angiosperms

c.      gymnosperms

d.      ginkgophytes

e.      ferns

b.      angiosperms

A pea pod is formed from ____. A pea inside the pod is formed from ____.

a.      an ovule ... a carpel

b.      an ovary ... an ovule

c.      an ovary ... a pollen grain

d.      an anther ... an ovule

e.      endosperm ... an ovary

b.      an ovary ... an ovule

The plant life cycle has both a sporophyte and a gametophyte generation. In the sporophyte stage:

a.      gametes are produced.

b.      meiosis occurs

c.      only mitosis takes place.

d.      gametophytes form

e. differentiation into haploid cells occurs

b.      meiosis occurs

The defining reproductive adaptation of angiosperms is the __________.

a.      flower

b.      gymnosperm

c.      sporophyte

d.      gametophyte

e.      germinated pollen grain

a.      flower

The portion of the flower that receives the pollen is the _____.

a.      filament

b.      ovary

c.      anther

d.      stigma

e.      style      

d.      stigma

In the process of pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the _____ to the _____.

a.      ovary ... anther

b.      stigma ... ovary

c.      anther ... sepal

d.      carpel ... stigma

e.      anther ... stigma

e.      anther ... stigma

Male floral parts include __________.

a.      stamens: anthers and filaments

b.      pistils: stigma, style, and ovary

c.      stamens and pistils

d.      stigmas and anthers

e.      stiles and filaments        

a.      stamens: anthers and filaments

The "male" structures of angiosperms are called __________, and they produce __________.

a.      stigmas ... ovules

b.      ovaries ... ovules

c.      anthers ... ovaries

d.      anthers ... pollen

e.      anthers ... ovules

d.      anthers ... pollen

A fruit is a mature _____.

a.      seed

b.      pollen grain

c.      bulb

d.      ovary

e.      anther

d.      ovary

After fertilization, the _____ develops into a seed and the _____ develops into a fruit.

a.      ovule ... ovary

b.      pollen grain ... ovule

c.      ovary ... ovule

d.      egg ... ovule

e.      egg ... ovary

a.      ovule ... ovary

Which one of the following best describes the function of fruits?

a.      to protect and disperse the seeds

b.      to reward pollinators

c.      to compete with other plants for predators

d.      to store food for the plant to use over the winter

e.      to distract herbivores from eating the leaves

a.      to protect and disperse the seeds

Roots elongate continuously to:

a.      act as a carbohydrate sink.

b.      obtain CO2.

c.      mine new regions of soil for nutrients.

c.      mine new regions of soil for nutrients.

CO2 enters leaves through stomata, diffuses through intercellular spaces, and from there diffuses into what cell type?

a.     epidermal cells

b.     companion cells

c.     guard cells

d.     mesophyll cells

e.     bundle sheath cells

d.     mesophyll cells

Which of this best describes the sporophyte generation?

a.      the haploid generation

b.      generation that produces the gametes

c.      generation that produces spores

d.      generation that lacks vascular tissue

e.      uses mitosis.

c.      generation that produces spores

In flowers, pollen is produced in the __________.

a.      Anther

b.      Style

c.      Ovary

d.      Ovule

a.      Anther

A researcher discovers a mutant pea plant that is missing the Casparian strip. What process will be affected in this mutant?

a.      the ability of the plant to produce capillaries

b.      selectivity of mineral nutrients

c.      both the diffusion of CO2 into the leaves of the plant and the opening and closing of stomata

d.      the opening and closing of stomata

e.      the diffusion of CO2 into the leaves

b.      selectivity of mineral nutrients

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The Casparian strip surrounds each endodermis cell in a way that prohibits the movement of water and dissolved minerals through extracellular spaces. Instead, the fluid must pass through the plasma membrane of the cells, and only those components with appropriate transporters can get through. Absence of the Casparian strip would make the endodermis "leaky" to all minerals, allowing a potential imbalance to occur.

A thin band of hydrophobic material that prevents water passage between cells is associated with the endodermis. This band is called the:

a.      cortex.

b.      medulla.

c.      plasmodesmata.

d.      Casparian strip.

e.      parenchyma.

d.      Casparian strip.

Unlike how animals circulate their blood, trees transport water:

a.      in a closed, recirculating system.

b.     by direct expense of metabolic energy.

c.      in an open system driven by evaporation.

d.      without specialized tissues for long-distance transport.

c.      in an open system driven by evaporation.

If the sporophyte was removed from the gametophyte in a Bryophyte, what would happen?

a.      The gametophyte would die because it is dependent on the sporophyte for nutrition

b.      The sporophyte would continue to undergo meiosis

c.      The sporophyte would be able to survive on its own and it would produce another gametophyte.

d.      The sporophyte would form a protective capsule to help it survive until adequate nutrients were available.

e.      The sporophyte would die because it is dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition.

e.      The sporophyte would die because it is dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition.

Which of the following are not part of the shoot system?

a.      stems

b.      fruits

c.      roots

d.      leaves

e.      Flowers

c.      roots

Structure that contains the male gametophytes in seed plants.

a.      Pollen

b.      Style

c.      Pistil

d.      Flower

a.      Pollen

Which of these are correct about stem?

a.      The vascular tissue of stem is usually arranged into discrete strands called vascular bundles

b.      The grand tissue of stem is made up of undifferentiated parenchyma or pith.

c.      The dermal tissue system surrounds the stem and provides protection from pathogens and against water lose.

d.      Both a and b are correct.

e.      Both a, b, and c are correct

e.      Both a, b, and c are correct

A leaf-like, often colored structure that together with others forms the showy part of a flower; the colors and patterns of petals attract pollinators.

a.      Pollen

b.      Style

c.      Pistil

d.      Petal

d.      Petal

Which of the following groups contain vessels as their primary form of water transport?

a.      ferns and horsetails

b.      lycophytes

c.       mosses

d.      gymnosperms

e.      angiosperms

e.      angiosperms

Specialized portion of the ovary where the female gametophytes form; found in seed plants. 

a.      Pollen

b.      Style

c.      Pistil

d.      Ovule 

d.      Ovule 

A single carpel or multiple fused carpels in a single flower

a.      Flower

b.      Anther

c.      Pistil

d.      Filament

c.      Pistil

In flowering plants, the sac-like structure that contains the ovule. 

a.      Ovary 

b.      Flower

c.      Anther

d.      pollen

a.      Ovary 

Part of the stamen, or male reproductive organ, that attaches the anther to the rest of the flower. 

a.      Style

b.      Pistil

c.      Flower

d.      Filament 

d.      Filament 

Contains the reproductive organs of angiosperms; in some will attract pollinators. 

a.      Pollen

b.      Style

c.      Pistil

d.      Flower

d.      Flower

The spores of this group are protected by sporopollenin

a.      Bryophytes

b.      Seed plants

c.      spore-dispersing vascular plants

d.      All land plants

d.      All land plants

The dominant life stage is the gametophyte, which is the only stage that can photosynthesize

a.      Bryophytes

b.      Seed plants

c.      spore-dispersing vascular plants

d.      All land plants

a.      Bryophytes

The gametophyte and sporophyte are independent from one another, and both photosynthesize

a.      Bryophytes

b.      Seed plants

c.      spore-dispersing vascular plants

d.      All land plants

b.      Seed plants

c.      spore-dispersing vascular plants

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all vascular plants are independent of one and other.

This group can be classified as an embryophyte

a.      Bryophytes

b.      Seed plants

c.      spore-dispersing vascular plants

d.      All land plants

d.      All land plants

The male gametes of this group are wind-dispersed

a.      Bryophytes

b.      Seed plants

c.      spore-dispersing vascular plants

d.      All land plants

b.      Seed plants

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The carrier of male gametes in seed plants is Water, Air, Insects

spore-dispersing vascular plants include ferns. spore-dispersing vascular plants are fern and they release gametes in water.

This group relies on water for gamete dispersal

a.      Bryophytes

b.      Seed plants

c.      spore-dispersing vascular plants

d.      All land plants

a.      Bryophytes

c.      spore-dispersing vascular plan

The location of the xylem at the core of the root cylinder facilitates:

a.       Water uptake

b.      root branching.

c.       control of solute uptake into the xylem.

d.      long distance hormonal signaling through the phloem.

a.       Water uptake

An attached to the top of the stamen filament. Typically composed of four pollen sacs arranged into two lobes, and the pollen sacs house sporangia. 

a.      Anther 

b.      Pollen

c.      Style

d.      Pistil

a.      Anther 

Which statement about the sporophyte is true?

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a.      Multicellular diploid generation

b.      Release on gametophyte and Meiosis (asexually produce spores)

c.      vascular plants (xylem and phloem)

d.      photosynthetically self-sufficient but does not do photosynthesis.

e.      All are correct.

e.      All are correct.

Spore cells in bryophytes is:

a.      Haploid

b.      Diploid

c.      Triploid

d.      Tetraploid

a.      Haploid

Which statement about the gametophyte is true?

a.      Haploid Multicellular generation

b.      Mitosis (sexual to produce gametes)

c. Nonvascular plant

d.      photosynthetically self-sufficient

e.       All are correct.

e.       All are correct.

Which statement about gametes is true?

a.      Unicellular

b.      Haploid

c.      Short-lived and require hydration.

d.      Must fuse to form new individual.

e.      All are correct.

e.      All are correct.

Which of the following is true of the bryophytes?

a.       It is the only group that shows an alternation of generations.

b.      Bryophytes exhibit extensive vascular tissue.

c.      The sporophyte (multicellular diploid) is the dominant stage.

d.       The gametophyte (multicellular haploid) is the dominant stage.

d.       The gametophyte (multicellular haploid) is the dominant stage.

A group of seed plants that produce flowers and fruits during reproduction; the fruit covers the seed.

a.      gymnosperm

b.      Angiosperm

c.      bryophytes

b.      Angiosperm

1\.      Which statement about spores is true?

a.      Unicellular and haploid

c.      Long-living and can survive in exposure to air due to because of the presence of sporopollenin, a tough, resistant covering that allows spores to withstand environmental stresses such as ultraviolet radiation and desiccation.

d.      A spore, once dispersed, can grow into a new individual.

e.      All are correct.

e.      All are correct.

All plants exhibit alternation of generations. This means their life cycle

a.      includes both haploid and diploid gametes.

b.      shows only asexual reproduction.

c.      has both a multicellular haploid stage and a multicellular diploid stage.

d.       does not include meiosis.

c.      has both a multicellular haploid stage and a multicellular diploid stage.

n plants,

a.       gametes are produced directly after meiosis in the gametophyte

b.      gametes are produced directly after mitosis in the gametophyte

c.      no gametes are motile.

d.      seeds are always produced.

b.      gametes are produced directly after mitosis in the gametophyte

Which of this best describes the gametophyte in the alternation of generations life cycle?

a.       the diploid generation

b.      generation that produces the gametes

c.      generation that produces the spores

d.       generation that has vascular tissue

e.      uses meiosis within structures called sporangia

b.      generation that produces the gametes

Plants have a/an _________ life cycle.   

a.      asexual-only

b.      sexual-only

c.      alternation of generations

d.      diplontic

e.      haplontic

c.      alternation of generations

Sticky, moist, or hairy glandular tip of the carpel that receives the pollen.

a.       Stigma

b.       Style

c.      Sepal

d.      Pollen

a.       Stigma

What type of plant tissue make up a root?

a.      Xylem

b.      Phloem

c.       Cortex

d.      Epidermis

e.      endodermis

f.       All are correct

f.       All are correct

ong, slender neck of the carpel; connects the ovary to the stigma.

a.      Stigma

b.      Style

c.      Sepal

d.      Pollen

b.      Style

What is found in the gametophyte of plants?

a.      Pollen and ovule

b.      Pollen and Spore

c.      Ovule and Spore

a.      Pollen and ovule

Where is each ovule developed and found?

a.      Ovary

b.      Sporangia

c.      Carpel

d. Flower

a.      Ovary

The outer whorls of the flower produce neither pollen nor ovules.

a.      True

b.      False

a.      True

Collective term for parts of the flower responsible for male sexual function: the anther and filament.

a.      Pollen

b.      Seed

c.      Petal

d.      Stamen

d.      Stamen

In diploid organism, gametes are produced by meiosis division but in haploid organism gametes are produced by.

a.      Mitosis

b.      Meiosis

c.      Both A and B

d.      None

a.      Mitosis

A specialized leaf-like structure that together with others of its kind forms the calyx, the outermost whorl of a flower.

a.      Stigma

b.      Style

c.      Sepal

d.      Pollen

c.      Sepal

Which best describes the sporophyte generation?

a.      the haploid generation

b.      generation that produces the gametes

c.      generation that produces spores

d.      generation that lacks vascular tissue

e.      uses mitosis

c.      generation that produces spores

In plants, the dominant generation is _________.

a.       the larger and more conspicuous generation

b.      the smaller and less conspicuous generation

c.      the parent

d.      dependent upon which plant is discussed

e.       shorter lived

a.       the larger and more conspicuous generation

The nonvascular plants are the ______.

a.       flowering plants

b.      fungi and slime and water molds

c.      hornworts, liverworts, and mosses

d.       gymnosperms

c.      hornworts, liverworts, and mosses

In vascular plants, _________ generation is dominant.

a.       the gametophyte

b.       the haploid sporophyte

c.      the diploid sporophyte

d.      the diploid prothallium

c.      the diploid sporophyte

In the moss life cycle, the ______ generation is dominant.

a.      haploid gametophyte

b.      diploid gametophyte

c.      haploid sporophyte

d.       diploid sporophyte

a.      haploid gametophyte

Which of the following statements of the fern life cycle is false?

a.      Sporangia produce haploid spores.

b.      The sporophyte grows from a gametophyte.

c.      The sporophyte is diploid and the gametophyte is haploid.

d.      Sporangia form on the underside of the gametophyte.

d.      Sporangia form on the underside of the gametophyte.

In the fern, the gametophyte _________

a.       is a tiny heart-shaped structure

b.       is dominant

c.       produces the spores

d.       A and B

a.       is a tiny heart-shaped structure