Drugs affecting reproduction

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31 Terms

1
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List common Estrogens.

Estradiol (Estrace, Climara) , Conjugated estrogens (Premarin) , Esterified estrogens (Menest).

2
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What are uses for Estrogens?

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) , relieve uncomfortable menopause symptoms , treat hypogonadism and ovarian failure , contraceptive , osteoporosis.

3
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List common Progestins.

Levonorgestrel (Mirena, Plan B) , Etonogestrel (Implanon) , Medroxyprogesterone (Provera).

4
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What are uses for Progestins?

Contraceptive , primary and secondary Amenorrhea , functional uterine bleeding , fertility drug regimens.

5
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How do oral contraceptives primarily work?

They block the release of FSH and LH hormones.

6
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How is Plan B One-Step typically taken?

One tablet within 72 hours post intercourse.

7
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What is the Black Box Warning (BBW) for Depo-Provera?

Risk for significant bone loss.

8
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How long is a Mirena IUD good for?

5 years.

9
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What is a common location for a subdermal implant like Implanon/Nexplanon?

The upper arm.

10
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List contraindications for Estrogens.

Idiopathic vaginal bleeding , estrogen-dependent cancer , thromboembolic disorders , heavy smoking , pregnancy and breastfeeding , renal and hepatic disease , adolescents (due to closure of epiphyses).

11
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List additional contraindications for Progestins compared to Estrogens.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) , STDs , endometriosis , pelvic surgery , cardiac or renal dysfunction , epilepsy and migraine headaches , asthma.

12
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What are serious adverse effects of Estrogens?

Increased risk of DVT, PE, Stroke, and breast cancer.

13
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What effect does smoking have when combined with Estrogens?

Increases the risk of thrombi/emboli.

14
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What common herbal supplement and certain antibiotics can decrease the effectiveness of contraceptives?

St. John's Wort, penicillin's and tetracyclines

15
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What are adverse effects specific to intrauterine Progestins?

Worsening endometriosis , PID , expulsion of IUD device , perforation of the uterine wall (IUD).

16
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What type of examinations should be scheduled for patients wearing contacts or glasses who are on contraceptives?

Ophthalmic examination.

17
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What is Raloxifene (Evista) primarily used for?

Treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, and reduction of breast cancer risk.

18
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Where is Testosterone primarily produced?

In the testes.

19
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What class of controlled substance is Testosterone?

Schedule III controlled substance.

20
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What are uses for Testosterone and Androgens?

Hypogonadism , certain breast cancers , delayed puberty in males , testosterone deficiency.

21
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What is the Black Box Warning (BBW) for topical testosterone?

Virilization in children.

22
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List androgenic adverse effects of Testosterone and Androgens.

Acne , weight gain , testicular atrophy , hirsutism , deepened voice.

23
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List life-threatening adverse effects of Testosterone and Androgens.

Hepatocellular cancer , myocardial infarction , stroke , DVT and PE.

24
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What do Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Receptor Inhibitors (PDE5) typically end in?

"fil"

25
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List common PDE5 inhibitors.

Avanafil (Stendra) , Sildenafil (Viagra, Revatio) , Tadalafil (Cialis) , Vardenafil (Levitra)

26
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Which ED medication is approved for lower doses for daily use in very sexually active men?

Tadalafil (Cialis).

27
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Which ED medication has the most rapid onset of action?

Avanafil (Stendra).

28
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List contraindications for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) medications.

Any anatomical obstruction , anything predisposing someone to priapism , penile implants , prolonged QT interval , coronary artery disease , active peptic ulcer , any use of organic nitrates or alpha-adrenergic blockers.

29
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List adverse effects of ED medications.

Prolonged priapism , headache , flushing , UTIs , increased risk of melanoma , dizziness , hearing loss.

30
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What food/drink should be avoided for 48 hours before and after taking an ED drug?

Grapefruit juice.

31
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What type of medications should absolutely NOT be mixed with ED drugs due to the risk of severe hypotension and death?

Organic nitrates or alpha-adrenergic blockers (e.g., Nitroglycerin, Doxazosin, Terazosin).