bonatomy

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/25

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

the bones feel bonita

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

26 Terms

1
New cards

axial skeleton

the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body

2
New cards

appendicular skeleton

the bones of the limbs and girdles

3
New cards

skeletal system

includes joints, cartilages, and ligaments (fibrous cords that bind the bones together at joints). The joints give the body flexibility and allow movement to occur.

4
New cards

bones store…

fat, like a cushion so that they dont shatter under shock

5
New cards

Compact bone

dense and looks smooth and homogeneous

6
New cards

Spongy bone

is composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space

7
New cards

long bones

typically longer than they are wide. As a rule they have a shaft with heads at both ends.

  • mostly compact bone.

  • All the bones of the limbs, except the patella (kneecap) and the wrist and ankle bones, are long bones.

8
New cards

Short bones

generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone.

  • The bones of the wrist and ankle are short bones.

  • Sesamoid bones, which form within tendons, are a

    special type of short bone. The best-known example is the patella.

9
New cards

Flat bones

thin, flattened, and usually curved. They have two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them

  • Most bones of the skull, the ribs, and the sternum (breastbone) are flat bones.

10
New cards

irregular bones.

Bones that do not fit one of the preceding categories

  • The vertebrae, which make up the spinal column, and the hip bones fall into this group.

11
New cards

diaphysis

shaft

  • composed of compact bone

  • makes up most of the bones length

12
New cards

periosteum

the fiborus covering of the diaphysis

13
New cards

perforating fibers

secure the periosteum to the underlying bone.

14
New cards

epiphyses

ends of the long bone.

  • consists of a thin layer of compact bone enclosing an area filled with spongy bone.

15
New cards

Articular cartilage

instead of a periosteum, covers its external surface.

  • glassy hyaline cartilage provides a smooth, slippery surface that decreases friction at joint surfaces.

16
New cards

epiphyseal

bony tissue spanning the epiphysis that looks a bit different from the rest of the bone in that area.

  • part of a young growing bone

17
New cards

osteocytes

The mature bone cells

18
New cards

lacunae

matrix of tiny cavities

19
New cards

lamellae

lacunae are arranged in concentric circles

20
New cards

osteon

Each complex consisting of central canal and matrix rings

21
New cards

perforating canals

run into the compact bone at right angles to the shaft.

22
New cards

ossification

bones develop using hyaline cartilage structures as their “models.”

23
New cards

stage one of ossification:

hyaline cartilage model is completely covered with bone matrix (a bone “collar”) by boneforming cells called osteoblasts. So, for a short period, the fetus has cartilage “bones” enclosed by “bony” bones.

24
New cards

Stage 2 of ossification

the enclosed hyaline cartilage model is digested away, opening up a medullary cavity within the newly formed bone.

25
New cards

By birth or shortly after, most hyaline cartilage models have been….

converted to bone except for two regions—the articular cartilages (that cover the bone ends) and the epiphyseal plates.

26
New cards

Appositional growth

widening of the bone:

  • Osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, create new bone tissue on the outer surface of the bone.

  • Osteoclasts, which are cells that break down bone, remove bone from the inner surface (in the bone marrow cavity), making space for the new growth.

  • both processes happen at the same rate, so that the bones widen