Combined M1-M5

Self-discovery

is the process of learning, understanding, or

knowing more about yourself and who you are, becoming

aware of one's true potential, character, motives, and the like.

Self-awareness

is your knowledge of yourself and your worth as

a person. An example of awareness is what you hope to gain

from meditating. Self-awareness is a result of doing self-

discovery.

What is personality?

It is defined as one that is made up of the characteristic

patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a

person unique. The self is your total personality.

Nature

genetic or hormone-based behaviors, traits, and dispositions.

Nurture

refers to all the environmental variables that impact

who we are, including our early childhood experiences, how

we were raised, our social relationships, and our surrounding

culture.

Identity

refers to “the qualities, beliefs, etc., that make a particular person or

group different from others... or the distinguishing

character or personality of an individual”

Self

“the person that someone normally or truly is... or the entire person of an

individual”

What is philosophy and where does the term originate?

Philosophy is the study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking; originated from Greek Philo- (loving) and Sophia (wisdom/knowledge); originally meant the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake.

What are the three philosophical lenses used to define the self?

Empiricism, Rationalism, and Dualism.

What does Empiricism say about the self?

The self is explained through sensory and bodily experiences; knowledge comes through the senses.

What does Rationalism say about the self?

There is innate knowledge; emphasis on ideal truths and the 'truth' beyond sensory experience; not rooted in senses or body.

What does Dualism (mind–body) say about the self?

Mind and body are distinct; the self is associated with the mind or soul rather than the body.

What is Socrates' famous quote and what does it imply about the self?

'The unexamined life is not worth living.' It suggests the self involves the rational examination of existence, with the body and soul as two parts; the soul is central and capable of knowledge.

According to Socrates, what are the characteristics of the body vs. the soul?

Body: mortal, changing, imperfect. Soul: immortal, eternal, unchanging, perfect; the soul precedes the body and contains knowledge.

What is Plato's view of the soul and its relation to the body?

The soul exists before birth and after death; the self is the soul; the soul is divided into Reason, Appetite, and Will/Spirit; the soul should be cared for over the body.

What are the three parts of Plato's soul?

Reason (divine thinking), Appetite (biological needs), Will/Spirit (emotions and passions).

What did Aristotle contribute regarding essence and matter?

Essence (the ideal) and matter (the phenomena) co-exist and are interdependent; essence gives meaning to matter and matter provides substance to essence.

What is John Locke's theory of the self?

The mind is a tabula rasa (blank slate) at birth; knowledge comes from experience; memory and consciousness of past experiences define continuity of the self over time.

Immanuel Kant

Humans are free agents with reason and free will; we organize sensory data to form an idea of ourselves; inner self (reason and psychology) and outer self (body) are part of the self.

How did Gilbert Ryle define the Self?

The self is a pattern of observable behavior; no need for an inner immortal soul; the self is defined by how one behaves.

What is Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s view of the Self?

The self is an embodied subjectivity; there is unity of mental, physical, and emotional dispositions; the self arises from conscious experience and rejects mind–body dichotomy.

How is the self described as a unified being in the notes?

A unified being essentially connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency (or rational choice).

Sociology

is the study of the role of society in shaping behavior

Family

It is the most influential social group that impacts us in the entire course of development.

Schools -

We harness our knowledge that we

get from our mentors and apply

the socialization skills we got

from our families in developing

relationships with our peers.

Communities

Our cultural beliefs and

practices are

influenced by what

our communities and

societies dictate.

The “I” – Self

1. It is considered the

present and future phase

of the self.

2. It represents the

individual's identity

based on response to

the 'me.'

The “Me” Self

1. It represents learned

behaviors, attitudes, and

expectations of others and

society.

2. It exercises societal control

over one's self.

Charles Horton Cooley

stated that individuals

develop their concept of self by observing how

they are perceived by others

Looking Glass Self Theory

Individuals base their

sense of self on how

they believe others view

them.

The Material Culture

The things that people make and use.

The Non-Material Culture

Includes intangible human

creations like beliefs, values,

norms, morals, rules

Anthropology

the study of people and

cultures in the past and

today.

Archeology

is the study of how people lived in

the past.

Physical Anthropology

it is the study of human biology, including how people adapt to where they live and how bodies change over time (human

evolution).

Linguistic anthropology

is the study of how people speak and the words they use and

how their language developed and evolved.

Baybayin

The pre-colonial

beautiful ancient writing

script of the Islands of

the Philippines

Cultural anthropology

is the study of how people live

their lives in the present and how they may have lived in the

past, including the tools they used and the food they

produced and consumed.

Psychology

defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

The Psychology of self

focuses on the representation of an individual based on his/her experiences

Whose theory is the Me-Self/I-Self Theory?

William James - Principles of Psychology (1890)

The “Me-self” is the

phenomenal self, the experienced self or the self as known. It is the self that has experienced the phenomena and who had known the situation.

The “I-self” is the

self-thought or the self-knower

The Material Self is constituted by

our bodies, clothes, immediate family, and home. It is in this that we attached more deeply into and therefore, are most affected by because of the investment and the consequent attachment we give to these things.

The Spiritual Self

is our inner self or our psychological self. It is comprised of our self-perceived abilities, attitudes, emotions, interests, values, motives, opinions, traits, and wishes.

The Social Self

is based on our interactions with society and the reaction of people towards us.

Whose theory is the Self Theory: Real Self and Ideal Self

Carl Rogers

Self Theory: Real Self and Ideal Self is defined as

everyone exists in a world full of experiences. These experiences shape our reactions that include external objects and people.

The ideal self

It is the self that we think we want to be, that we strive to be and that we feel we are expected to be.

We experience congruence when

our thoughts about our real self and ideal self are very similar — in other words when our self-concept is accurate

When did psychology begin existing

1879

The Western culture

is about the focus on oneself and personal needs

Eastern culture

Is about focus on others and the feeling of others.

Predicated on putting egoism first

Western Culture

Predicated on collectivism

Eastern Culture

Hinduism

Brahman (refers to the highest universal principle, also called the ultimate) is an absolute reality.

Buddhism

They believe that there is no ātman (soul or spirit), no eternal self.

Confucian

Anchored in the golden rule of “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you”.

Taoism

believes that simplicity, spontaneity, and harmony with nature should govern one's life.

Which DOESNT define the beliefs of Hinduism

They deny all kinds of eternal beings or non-beings.