ARKY 325 - Midterm 2 (People)

Hatshepsut

An 18th Dynasty Pharaoh of Egypt, daughter of Thutmoses I, who reigned for 20 years and claimed to be the successor of her father.

Akhenaten

An Egyptian ruler who broke the power of the priests of Amun and established the cult of Aten as the state religion.

Nefertiti

The wife of Akhenaten, declared a god alongside him.

Tutankhamun

Son of Akhenaten who reigned from ca. 1332-1323 BC and reinstated the cult of Amun.

Sir John Hubert Marshall

An archaeologist known for the first systematic excavations of Harappan sites in the 1920s.

R.D. Banerji

An archaeologist associated with the first systematic excavations of Harappan sites in the 1920s.

Meluhhans

People likely from the Indus Valley who traded with Sumerians.

Liangzhu Culture

An early culture in the Yangtze River Delta characterized by social hierarchy and elite burials.

Yangshao culture

Considered the roots of Chinese culture, known for farming millet and existing from 5000-3000 BC.

Longshan culture

Followed Yinshao culture, evident in social ranking and wealth distribution in Northern China.

Hongshan Culture

Located in Manchuria, known for small villages and elaborate burials, existing from 4000-3000 BC.

Shangdi

The Lord on High, central to Shang spiritual beliefs, commanding nature and subordinates.

Cheng Tang

Legendary figure who founded the Shang Dynasty after overthrowing the king of Xia.

Lady Fuhao

One of King Wu-Ding's wives and a significant general of the Shang dynasty.

Yu the Great

A semi-mythical figure and the founder of the Xia Dynasty.

Wu Wang

Overthrew the last Shang ruler to establish the Zhou dynasty.

Phoenicians

Ancient city-states in Canaan renowned for maritime trade and craftsmanship.

Ashurnasirpal II

Assyrian king who conquered kingdoms with the first army equipped with iron weapons.

Shalmaneser III

Assyrian king who controlled Syria and the Mediterranean coast.

Nebuchadnezzar

Reconstructed the Assyrian empire under Neo-Babylonian control with Babylon as the capital.

Belshazzar

Nebuchadnezzar's son who held a feast that led to his defeat.

Midas

Legendary king known for his ability to turn objects into gold.

Lydians

A wealthy kingdom that prospered on trade routes between Asia and the Mediterranean.

Medians

An Iranian group that united western Iran into a major political power.

Persians

People from southwestern Iran, ruled by Median kings until Cyrus the Great's conquest.

King Cyaxares

A Median king who contributed to the destruction of the Assyrian empire.

Cyrus the Great

Founder of the Achaemenid Empire who overthrew the Medians.

Darius

General who became king after Cyrus' son and ruled the Achaemenid Empire at its peak.

Plebians

A self-organized group of Roman commoners with distinct interests and laws.

Hannibal

Led forces in the Second Punic War, famous for invading Italy through the Alps.

Octavian (Caesar Augustus)

The first Roman emperor who rose to power after Julius Caesar's assassination.

Julius Caesar

A Roman general and dictator, assassinated in 44 BC after being named Dictator Perpetuus.