Full Test 1 US History

Hunter Gatherers

early humans that survived by hunting animals and gathering plants

Land Bridge

The bridge between Asia and North America that allowed first humans to migrate during the Ice Age.

Development of Agriculture

The shift from hunting to farming, this allowed populations to grow

Three sister farming

The method that grew Corn, Beans & Squash by the Native Americans

The Crusades

The religious wars between Christian’s and Muslims. This created European interest in fair trade and exploration.

Spain Vs Portugal

Spain focused on colonization in Americas

Portugal focused on trade routes

Amerigo Vespucci

The explorer of the “new world”, America was named after him

Columbian exchange

The exchange of plants, Animals and disease between Europe and the Natives

Native Americans & Disease

Europeans brought diseases like small pox that killed millions

Conquistadors

The Spanish that conquered the Natives for Gold, Land and Glory.

Montezuma

Name of an Aztec Emperor

Hernan Cortes

The man who conquered the Aztecs

Encomienda

A Spanish labor system

Mestizos

The name of Mixed European and natives in Spanish colonies

Francisco Pizarro

The man who conquered the Inca Empire

French Fur Trade

What system traded furs with Native Americans

Sea Dogs

English privateers who attacked Spanish ships

Sir Walter Raleigh

An English explorer who attacked Spanish ships and helped weaken Spanish power

Spanish Armada

The Spanish fleet that was defeated by England and led to the decline of Spain and the rise of England

Joint-Stock Company

Funded early colonies like Jamestown

House of Burgesses

The first representative assembly that gave colonists a voice

The 3 D’s of Native Americans

• Disease

• Displacement

• Death

Dutch in New York

Established New Amsterdam for trade but was then taken over by England and named New York

John Rolfe

The person who introduced tobacco farming to Virginia and made Jamestown profitable

Marylands founding

Founded as a catholic refuge by Lord Baltimore

Founding of Georgia

Founded as buffer colony against Spanish Florida

Martin Luther

The man who started the Protestant reformation by challenging the Catholic Church

The Pilgrims

They broke away from the Church of England and settled in the Plymouth colony

Mayflower Compact

Agreement to self-govern based on a majority rule

William Bradford

The leader of Plymouth colony

Anne Hutchinson

The person who challenged puritan authority and was banished for criticizing the church leaders

Roger Williams

Person who founded Rhode Island supported religious freedom

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

The first written constitution in America

William Penn

The person who founded Pennsylvania as a Quaker colony promoting religious tolerance.

Pennsylvania was named after him

King Philips War

The conflict between Native Americans and English settlers. This was devastating to the native populations.

Indentured Servants

Name of workers who exchanged labor for passage to America (they worked for a set number of years)

Head right System

A system were land grants where given to settlers who paid for passage

Bacon’s Rebillion

Uprising against Virginia government

Middle passage

The Bruta Voyage that enslaved Africans across the Atlantic

Social structure of the south

Elite plantation owners at the top and enslaved Africans at the bottom

Half-way covenant

Showed declining religious zeal

Salem Witch Trials

The thing that led to accusations and executions for witchcraft in Massachusetts

Leading industry in America

Agriculture, especially tobacco in the south

Churches in America

Puritans in New England

Anglican in the South

Diverse in the middle colonies

Jonathan Edward and George Whitfield

Name of the leaders of the great awakening

New lights vs Old lights

New lights supported the great awakening

Old lights opposed the great awakening

Benjamin Franklin

The person who promoted science, education and freedom in America.

John Peter Zenger

A publisher whose trial established freedom of the press

Masses Act

A British tax law that angered colonists and increased smuggling.