Studied by 6 people
why people explore
find resources
make profit
expand economy
more land to take over / expand territory
power
fear of the unknown
trade
disruption to trade
Europe and Asia disrupted
Mongol empire started to decline and lost power to ottoman empire and Ming dynasty
vulnerable to attack and more dangerous to travel
economic impact
drove up prices of Asian silk and spice
prices went up due to supply and demand
Europe saw this as an opportunity, securing supply of trade from Asia, making a fortune
cartography
art and science of map making
representing a geographical area, usually flat, map or chart
problems travelling by sea
ships were slow, difficult to steer
easy to get lost
bad weather can end journey
prevented Europeans from establishing new trade
new inventions of sea travel
designing ships that are faster and easier to manoeuvre
navigational instruments, by Greeks, Arabs, Chinese
compass - tells you your direction
astrolabe - estimates your location using sun or stars
new trade routes for wealth
increase consumerism
accumulation for wealth
race for new trade routes
race to new world
Portugal and Spain eager to find new trade routes to east
funding large expeditions
motivation for wealthy merchants
England and France joined the race to the new world
Portugal exploration
silk road brought consumerism, wealth and glory, making Portugal want to find a route and eventually being the first country seeking an alternate route
in 1487 - 1498 Bartholomeus Dias and Vassco de Gama rounded the southern tip of Africa, which the ships started arriving in India
they didn’t want Europe to follow them so they tried to control eastern sea routes to Asia
why pope was involved
he created the treaty of Tordesilla, which spilt the world in half (half to Spain and the other to Portugal)
Christopher colombus
1485 – no one sponsored him because they thought he couldn’t go north because they thought the earth was flat
1492 – queen Isabella and king Ferdinan of Spain funded his trip, where he thought he was in India, but he was in the Caribbean
1495 – more trips to the Caribbean
1506 – he dies thinking he travelled to Asia
prince Henry the navigator
He funded expeditions to spread Christianity and for Profit in 1400s
didn’t know how to sail, instead built a navigational school
he died in 1460
he paved a way for new explorers so when he died people had more Knowledge on exploring
Bartholomeu Dias
First to sail around the southern tip of Africa, which helped establish Portugal as an imperial power in the 1400s
he was born in 1450
in 1497 king John Chose him to continue exploring of African coast and his goal were to go to India by sea and to find the great Christian ruler who led a kingdom in Africa
his crew were the first to discover the cape of great hope
died in 1500
Giovanni Caboto
sailed from England to Canada
King of England funded him to find a route to Asia
he made three trips, one in 1496, but there was bad weather, second in 1497, which was successful and claimed the land and the last trip, 5 boats were taken and only one made it
he found cod near newfoundland
Paved the way for the British to make colonies in north America
Ferdinand Magellan
In around 1494, he told the king that there was a westward route to the spice island, which the king made him the Capitan of Spanish and Armada and gave him resources he needed
in 1519, they headed SW but when the weather got bad, the crew members or Spaniards resentment to a Portuguese captain escalate into him causing a mutiny to happen
One of the ships went home but they continued into the pacific
Rest of crew went to the spice islands
one ruler asked for help to attack another ruler, he agreed but died while battling
one of his ships made it around the whole world
Giovanni Da Verrazanno
used to be a pirate for France
served for French king (Francis 1)
When he set off, he had 4 boats but 2 of them ended up sinking
Discovered New York Bay, where he found indigenous boats
He might have been eaten by cannibals
first European to explore Atlantic coast
monarch
ruler that came through bloodline
usually a king or queen
kingdom
for life or until abdication
monarchs exploration
God, glory, gold
Glory
wanted to be the best
being the richest
having established trade routes by sea that were new
first is the best
gold
trading and renaissance = luxury goods
increase in price and demand
low supply
Europe ran out of gold
not limited to only gold (other valuable things too)
God
to spread Christianity to the lands they visit
the bible said that people need to spread Christianity
Christians were scared how Muslims took over Constantinople so they had more pressure to continue spreading it so they won’t get “taken over”
expansionism
increasing a countries size by expanding economically or physically
can involve expanding a countries reach for resources
not taking over, taking resources
imperialism
extending power and dominion
gaining political and economical control of territory and people
wanting to take over and have influence over those people
colonialism
starting colonies
placing shelters
exploiting their economy
full or partial control of another country
consumerism
something to buy and consume
preoccupation of society acquisition of consumer goods
supply and demand
supply, demand, price
demand up, price up, supply low
trade and renaissance = luxury goods
ethnocentrism
judging someone based on their culture in comparison to ours
price of goods along silk road
Arab merchant buys goods from India → sells it to someone in a big trading hub (Constantinople) → Italian merchant buys it and brings it to Venice → Europeans can buy it → price went up x2000 because passed down so much
Note
Flashcard