Human Anatomy - Digestive and Reproductive Systems

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the lecture, focusing on the anatomy and functions of the digestive and reproductive systems.

Digestion

The process by which food is broken down in the body to absorb nutrients.

Serous membranes

Thin layers of tissue that line certain cavities in the body, reducing friction.

Oral Cavity

The cavity that contains the mouth, responsible for the beginning of digestion.

Palatine tonsil

Lymphatic tissue located at the back of the throat, part of the immune system.

Enamel

The hard outer layer of a tooth, protecting the inner layers.

Gingiva

Gums; the tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth.

Pyloric sphincter

A valve controlling the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine.

Hepatic portal vein

The vein that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver.

Pancreas

An organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, crucial for digestion.

Jejunum

The second segment of the small intestine, involved in nutrient absorption.

Sphincter

A ring-like muscle that opens and closes to control the passage of substances.

Uvula

A small, fleshy extension at the back of the throat that helps with speech and swallowing.

Cecum

The first part of the large intestine, connecting the ileum and the colon.

Rectum

The final section of the large intestine, leading to the anus.

Testis

The male reproductive organ that produces sperm and hormones.

Ductus deferens

The duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.

Semen

The fluid containing sperm and other components that is ejaculated.

Corpus cavernosum

Spongy tissue that fills with blood and aids in erection of the penis.

Prostate gland

A gland that surrounds the urethra and produces fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.

Epididymis

The structure where sperm mature and are stored before ejaculation.