How does school influence gender identity?

What did Connoll find?

Schools promote hegemonic masculinity, whereby heterosexual, masculine identities are dominant and female and homosexual identities are subordinate

What did Lees argue about Double Standards?

Expectations of boys and girls are different

Boys are praised for sexual conquests whereas girls are shunned

What would feminists argue about Lees argument?

It is a form of patriarchy

Who uses verbal abuse?

Both teachers and students

How do boys use verbal abuse to reinforce gender identity?

Use a rich vocabulary of abuse → put girls down for being ‘undesirable’

How do students use verbal abuse to reinforce heterosexual dominance?

Using homophobic abuse in cases where sexuality is irrelevant

How do teachers use verbal abuse to reinforce gender roles?

Using phrases like ‘don’t act like a girl’

What does Mac an Ghaill argue about the male gaze?

Male students talk to each other about sexual conquest

Boys who don’t take part are labeled as ‘gay’

What did Redman argue about the male gaze?

Dominant masculine identities develops overtime

More focus of ‘effortless’ achievement by sixth form

What did Norman find about Gendered Role Socialisation?

From and early age boys and girls are encouraged to dress differently, do different activities etc.

What did Byrne find about Gendered Role Socialisation?

Teachers encourage boys to be tough and show initiative whereas girls are encouraged to be clean, quiet and helpful

What do Murphy and Elwood argue about Norman and Byrnes arguments?

It leads to boys and girls developing different different reading tastes (boys-info text, girls-fiction) which explains why boys choice science and girls choose English

What do Browne and Ross argue about gender domains?

Tasks and activities girls and boys feel most comfortable with

Boys focus on how things work (Science/maths) and girls focus on feeling (humanities)

What does Colley find about Gendered Subjects?

Boys are more likely to choose computor studies because it fits their gender domain

How does Single-sex schooling affect subject choice?

Students at these schools make less traditional subjects

Leonard: girls in these schools are more likely to choose maths and science

What 4 categories do womens jobs typically fall into?

Clerical

Secretarial

Personal service

Occupations like cleaning

Example of where sex-typing may affect subject choice?

Boys wont pick a subject in childcare as they view childcare jobs for women

What did Fuller find about working class girls?

They would pick ‘girl’ courses like hair and beauty as it was part of their WC habitus

What did Ringrose and Archer find?

Girls hold hyper-heterosexual identities and police their peers to ensure those who don’t conform are isolated

What did Ringrose’s study of 13-14 year old working class girls find?

They had 2 identities: idealised feminine and sexual identities