1) Self Efficacy

what is self efficacy

a measure of confidence in success; belief in the ability to achieve a goal

social cognitive theory

personal factors

Behavior

Environment

reciprocal determinism

relationship between the individual, environment, and behavior; consider positive/negative impacts that previous experience and habits cause, as well as physical barriers and facilitators

Enviroment/situation

the setting, physical and social factors surrounding a given behavior

behavioral capacity

the potential to be successful based on skills and knowledge

observational learning

concept that the individual can learn to be successful at a new task/skill through observation

reinforcements

Impact of a positive or negative response on adoption of a new behavior

expectations

the expected result

expectancies

perceived value of behavioral change

self-regulation

use of goals and monitoring to control behavior; the target individual's social network can be used to improve success

how do we measure self-efficacy

multiple scales for specific diagnoses or behaviors

self-efficacy for exercise scale

generalizable applicability

sometimes self-efficacy changes due to

duration or intensity of pain and level of impairment

patient/family considerations

self-efficacy of the patient

addition of caregiver self-efficacy for a pediatric patient

Addition of proxy self-efficacy in the caregiver of a geriatric patient

how do we build self-efficacy

success and mastery

vicarious performance

verbal encouragement

emotional/psychological state

success and mastery

Achievable goals, breaking a long term objective into short term tasks

success and mastery application

stair negotiation goal

vicarious performance

modeling a task or activity

group approach

mentoring or identifying a peer

vicarious performance application

increasing physical actitvy

verbal encouragement

therapist, teacher, peers, family

should be valid praise for success as opposed to encouragement for subpar performance

verbal encouragement application

teaching squats to a patient s/p knee injury

emotional or psychological state

concept of positive attitude and affect on belief in one's own abilities

detrimental effect of depression, anxiety, or poor self-concept

emotional or psychological state application

a 78 year-old with knee OA has missed the last two weeks of outpatient PT due to a death of a spouse

self-management

patient and family centered care

enabling independence with disease management

shared decision-making

patient and family centered care

appropriate and important goals

carryover and long-term benefit

plan for transition from the onset of the episode of care

Independence with disease management

empowering, sense of control

altering plan based on new information

psychological benefit and psychological impact

state of health care

shared decision making

informed consent

balance the extensive web resources

ethical practice

discussion between the health care provider and patient with informed decision making

code of ethics for the PT 2c

PTs shall provide the information necessary to allow patients or their surrogates to make informed decisions about PT care

code of ethics for the PT 2d

PTs shall collaborate with patient/client to empower them in decisions about their health care