Eyeball issues from lab

changes in vision as you age

arcus senilis

decrease in: visual acuity, adaption to light and dark, glare, peripheral vision

yellowing of sclera due to fat deposits

presbyopia

lens loss of ability to accommodate

arcus senilis

grayish yellow ring around the periphery of the cornea

yellowing of lenses causes what

decrease in brightness of colors and differentiating between whites and yellows and oranges, and blues compared to greens

s/s of cataracts

painless clouding and/or blurring of vision

light sensitivity is increase

glare at night and bright light sensitivity

cloudy white with opacity on pupil

color seem faded

nearsightedness may worsen

cataract risk factors

age, UV light exposure, radiation exposure

certain drugs: corticosteroids, prolonged use of beta blockers or miotic eye drops

diabetes, hypoparathyroidism, down syndrome

trauma to eye and family hx

cataract treatment

surgery to replace clouded lense(s)

go in with small tube and break up lense, then suction it out and put in a new one and typically stich part of eye shut

post cataract surgery instruction

take actions to decrease IOP: no bending at waist, cough and blow nose with open mouth and only one nostril at a time

steroids and antibiotic eye drops or ointments may be needed post op; you have have an injection and take less drops

wear sunglasses outside

eye may feel scratchy and be slightly red but shouldn’t be painful,

what is glaucoma

increase in IOP, optic nerve atrophy

peripheral visual field loss

s/s of open angle glaucoma

slow elevation IOP

slow loss of peripheral vision before central vision

persistent dull eye pain

difficulty adjusting to darkness

failure to detect color changes

“the sink is backing up”

acute angle-closed glaucoma

“the sink is fully clogged”

many describe it as a curtain just coming over their field of vision

severe ocular pain, decreased vision, pupils enlarged and fixed, see colored halos around lights, red eyes, n/v

immediately go to ER: may have permanent blindness in 24 to 48 hours if IOP is markedly increased

test used to diagnose glaucoma

intraocular pressure test

the little puff of air; or they could dilate eyes to look at structure behind eyes

treatment for closed glaucoma versus open

open= meds

closed= laser surgery

where is vision lost with macular degeneration

central vision

dry macular degeneration

most common

result of scaring or damage to back of retina

what causes wet macular degeneration

damage is from bleeding within the eye as it tries to make new blood vessels (but said vessels are quite weak, which causes the bleeding)

treatment for wet macular degeneration and treatment for dry

dry: add vitamin B12, E, and lutein to diet

wet: laser surgery to zap vessels

retinal detachment

outer pigmented layer and the inner sensory layer of the retina seperate

s/s of retinal detachment

floating spots or opacites, progressive loss of vision, flashes of light,

typically sudden and painless

retinal detachment treatment

laser photocoagulation to scar tissue and hold it together or cryopexy which does the same thing

scleral bucking

pneumatic retinopexy

diabetic retinopathy

due to microscopic damage to retinal vessels

all diabetics are at risk

one of the leading causes of blindness world wide

myopia

nearsighted

visual images is focused in front of retina

hyperopia

farsighted

visual image is focused behind retina

what gender is most affected by color blindness and what is the most common color blindness

men

red green color blind