Rizal Other Writing and Noli Me Tangere

“Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos" (The Indolence of the Filipinos)

• written by José Rizal in 1890, is a socio-political essay that challenges the prevalent notion of Filipino indolence

• Rizal, aimed to dismantle the stereotype of Filipinos as lazy and unproductive, arguing that their perceived indolence are caused by different reasons

THE ROOTS OF INDOLENCE

1. Climate

2. Wars and Invasions

3. Forced Labor

4. Restrictions on Trade

5. Monopolies and Corruption

6. Religious Doctrine

THE INTIMATE ALLIANCE BETWEEN RELIGION AND GOOD EDUCATION

• Original Spanish Text "ALIANZA INTIMA ENTRE LA RELIGION Y LA BUENA EDUCATON"

• Dr. Rizal wrote this poem on April 1, 1876, the summer before entering his fifth year, as per information given by Father Sanchez to R. Guerrero.

• This is 4 stanza that correlates education to religion.

• "Education without religion is not education at all. Same with religion. Religion without education is pointless"

• In this poem, Dr. Rizal stressed the importance of religion to education. To him, education without God cannot be considered as true education.

• Dr. Rizal shared his thought about the importance of education to enlighten the nation which was useful to gain societal freedom for every nation.

MY FIRST INSPIRATION

• My first Inspiration was written in 1874.

• is one of Jose Rizal's earliest known poem.

• he wrote this before he turned 14 years old.

• he wrote this for his mother's birthday.

THROUGH EDUCATION OUR MOTHERLAND RECEIVES LIGHT

• Rizal wrote this poem in the year 1876

• at the age of 15

• It was written in Ateneo de Municipal in Manila

• The poem was written during the Spanish Government

• Dr. Jose Rizal indicates on the poem how he values education. That out of his fervent love for our motherland, education seems for him a way for us to extend our deep and warm gratitude to every wonder that we receive from her everyday.

MI ULTIMO ADIOS

• is a poem written by Dr. José Rizal before his execution by firing squad on December 30, 1896.

• The piece was one of the last notes he wrote before his death.

• On the afternoon of December 29,1896, he was visited by his mother, Teodora Alonzo, sisters Lucia, Josefa, Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa, and two nephews.

• Before they left, Rizal secretly told Trinidad in English: “There is something in the small stove (cocinilla).”

• The alcohol stove was handed to Narcisa by a guard as the family was about to board their carriage in the courtyard.

• Rizal sisters discovered a folded paper (Trinidad and Narcisa) hidden inside the
  stove.

• The paper contained an unsigned, untitled, undated poem with 14 five-line stanzas.

• The Rizals reproduced copies of the poem and sent them to Rizal's friends in the country and abroad.

• In 1897, Mariano Ponce in Hong Kong had the poem printed with the title "Mí último pensamiento" (My Last Thought)

• Fr. Mariano Dacanay, who received a copy of the poem while a prisoner in Bilibid (jail), published it in the first issue of La Independencia on September 25, 1898 with the title 'Mi Ultimo Adios'." (My Last Farewell)

  
  

Mi Ultimo Adios

is a poem written by Jose Rizal as his farewell to his homeland, the Philippines. In the poem, Rizal bids farewell to the Philippines, expressing his willingness to give his life for his country's freedom and independence. He dreams of a Philippines free from oppression and suffering. In his last lines, Rizal says goodbye to his family, friends, and beloved Philippines as he prepares to die for his country, taking comfort that in death there is rest and one day the Philippines will be free.

Publication of Noli Me Tangere

• which means touch me not

• was taken from the holy bible

• Supposed to be written by the Paternos (Pedro, Maximo, and Antonio), Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente, Melecio Figueroa, and Valentin Ventura

• They found Berliner Buchdrukrei Action Gesselchaft printing house after a thorough search for the novel's printing

• charged the lowest rate of 300 for 2,000 copies.

• Noli Me Tangere was not published during Rizal's stay in Berlin, but it was made possible with the help of Maximo Viola.

• Published on March 21, 1887

• Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and Felix R. Hidalgo were among Rizal's close friends who received copies right away.

THEME OF NOLI ME TANGERE

Colonialism, Religion, and Power

The novel explores how Spanish colonialism and the Catholic Church's influence led to
oppression and social inequality.

THEME OF NOLI ME TANGERE

Corruption and Abuse of Power

Rizal highlights the corruption within the Spanish colonial administration and the abuses of power by the friars.

THEME OF NOLI ME TANGERE

Revolution and Reform

The novel examines different approaches to political change, from Ibarra's moderate liberalism to Elías's radical revolutionary ideology.

THEME OF NOLI ME TANGERE

Education and Intellectualism

Ibarra's emphasis on building a school in San Diego symbolizes the importance of education as a tool for empowerment and progress.

THEME OF NOLI ME TANGERE

Nationalism and Patriotism

Rizal's dedication to his "motherland" reflects his deep love for the Philippines and his desire to awaken national consciousness.

THEME OF NOLI ME TANGERE

Isolation and Discrimination

The novel explores how characters are marginalized and disempowered due to their ethnicity, social status, and political affiliations.

Plot:

•Ibarra's Return and Initial Enthusiasm

Ibarra, a mixed-race man who has been educated in Europe, returns to his village of San Diego and is met with initial warmth and respect.

Father Damaso's Opposition

Padre Damaso, the parish priest, initially opposes Ibarra's efforts to build a school, particularly because Ibarra's sweetheart, Maria Clara, is the daughter of Capitan Tiago, who is under Padre Damaso's influence.

Exhumation and Altercation

The exhumation of Ibarra's father's body without his permission and a confrontation with Padre Damaso lead to Ibarra being excommunicated, although the decree is later rescinded.

Love, Betrayal, and Misunderstanding

Ibarra and Maria Clara's relationship is fraught with challenges due to Padre Damaso's jealousy and the political machinations surrounding Maria Clara's fate.

Sisa's Tragedy and Basilio's Grief

The suffering of Sisa, a mother seeking justice for her sons, and the grief of Basilio, who is searching for her, highlight the human cost of colonial oppression.

Revolutionary Ideals and Elías

Ibarra's moderate liberalism is contrasted with the more radical revolutionary ideology of Elías, who represents a more violent path to change.

Ibarra's Fate and Elías's Sacrifice

The novel ends with Ibarra's disappearance and Elías's death, leaving the reader to ponder the future of the Philippines.