IB History Civil War

What hapenned when the Confederates states held a convention in Montgomery, Alabama on February 7, 1861?

they adopted a provisional constituion, named themselves the Confederate States of America and elected Jefferson Davis as their president and Alexander Stevens as their Vice President

What was the Crittenden Compromise?

established on Dec 1860, said slavery could be above the 36/30 line, protected Fugitive Slave Laws

Fort Sumter

April 12-14 1861... Lincoln ressuppies the fort, Beauregard fires on Fort Sumter before supplies get there, the North surrenders

What was the Norths view on the war?

1)they said that it resulted from a conspiracy of slave owners,

2)said what came from the South was unprovoked and immoral,

3)said they were defending the Union AND Constitution

What was the Southern view on the war?

1) not about slavery, but the North taking away their Constitutional rights

2) said Lincoln and Republicans deliberately provoked the war

3) believed they had to defend Southern rights

What arguments are given to say the Civil War was an Avoidable conflict?

1) the war came because there were Northern fanatics and Southern extremists and no moderates

What arguments are given on the Nationalists School side?

1) this was an irrepressible conflict

2) there was no compromise available because the sides were so different

What did the Southern Nationalists believe about the Civil War?

1) said the North destroyed the balance of poewr

What did the Revisionist School believe about the Civil War?

1) the war was a result of the failure on the generations of the 1850s and 1860s

2) extremists on both sides manipulated the situation so much that it could not be resolved by government

Why did Lincoln issue a blockade on the ports?

1) to keep supplies from coming in and out

2) prevented South to trade with European nations

IT IS NOT THAT EFFECTIVE

What was Robert E. Lee's stategy throughout the war?

to discourage the North and fight on their front

Did Lee expect aid from foreign countries?

no

Why did foreign nations not want to support the European nations?

many of them had already outlawed slavery...if you supported the South, you were supporting slavery

What was the Anaconda Plan?

3 pronged attack,

1) army of the Potomac would protect Washington and would put pressure on Richmond

2) navy would blockade Southern ports to prohibit supplies from coming in

3) would divide the Confederacy by invading the South along the main water routes

Who won the Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) in 1861?

THE SOUTH

Who were the commanders in Battle of Bull Run?

South: Beauregard

North: McDowell

Who brought reinforcements to the South in the Battle of Bull Run?

Joe Johnson of South Carolina

What was the effects of the Battle of Bull Run?

they realize that it's going to be a long war, naval actions begin, and it was a morale deflator for the Union

What act was passed on April 16, 1862?

one that said white male citizens between the ages of 18-35 had to be members of the army for 3 years (or could pay $300 to get out or had to get someone to fight for you)

Battle of 7 Pines (April 1862)

Johnston strikes McClellan along the Chickahominy River ....McClellan begins a siege at Yroktown, confederates surrender

What hapenned at the Battle of Shiloh?

Confederate attack, led to chaos, Union forces were driven back to the river and then stopped the Confederates

Why was the Battle of Shiloh important?

more Americans were killed in these TWO DAYS than in the 3 previous wars of the US

Who won the Second Battle of Bull Run?

Confederates

Why was the Battle of Antietam Creek important?

1) it was the bloodiest day of war

2) after this, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation

3) McClellan did not pursue the South

What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

freed the slaves in the Confederate states

Why was the Emancipation Proclamation important?

1) was seen as a turning point bc it was a morale booster

2) indicated all slaves would eventually be freed

What hapenned in the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia?

1862, Union was slaughtered

What was Jackson's goal in the Battle of Chancellorsville?

May 1-4, 1862, wanted to go a circular route to the right of the Union and hit their weakest point....he gets shot by friendly fire

Who won the Battle of Chancellorville?

SOUTH

What was interesting about the Battle of Gettysburg?

it was not initially a plan to launch an attack. the Confederates sent some soldiers out to shop for shoes, and they ran into Union soldiers.

Who was the commander for the North in the Battle of Gettysburg?

George Meade

What was Pickett's charge?

a command from Lee to advance again after 31 college kids are killed...failure

What did the Gettysburg Address explain?

the meaning of the war, what the Constitution meant to Lincoln

What hapenned in the battle of Vicksburg?

Grant initiated a 40 day siege, Confederate soldiers surrender

What did Grant do after the battle of Vicksburg?

parolded the Southern soldiers (simply told them to go home and not come back)

What was important about the battle of Vicksburg?

Union now has control of the Mississippi River, South is split in two

Why was the battle of Chattanooga important?

the paroled soldiers from the South fought in this, this was the gateway to Georgia

What Union leader led the battle of Chattanooga?

Rosecrans

Who won this battle?

NORTH

Who was the leader of the second attack?

Thomas

What did the North do during the second attack?

completely broke the center of the Confederate line, opened up the Deep South to a Union invasion

Why was the North reluctant to bringing in blacks to fight?

1) fear of insurrection

2) degrading

3) they were inferior and incapable

Why did some blacks fight for the South?

1) it was home for some

2) thought this was a way to get freedom

3) financial interest

4) sense of adventure

What was the U.S. Sanitary Commission?

an advisory group, made bandages, gathered supplies, provided means and lodging, helped build movable hospitals

What did Dorthia DIcks do?

helped recruit thousands of women to become army women

What did Clara Barton do?

helped find American Red Cross

Who was another important woman?

Mary Anee Bickerdyke

What were the principal killers of the Civil War?

typhoid, diarrhea, pnemonia

Name 2 important POW's

Andersonville, El Mira, New York

What did Wilson's Creek do?

gave control of Southwest Missouri to the Confederates and allowed Price to advance Northward

What did the Proclamation do that was issued after WIlson's Creek?

1) Freemont takes over administrative powers of Missouri

2) declares Martial Law

3) announces the death penalty to any guerillas caught behind Union lines

4) confiscated property and free slaves of all Confederate activists

-Freemont is removed by Lincoln after this

Who were the commanders during the Battle of Lexington?

North: Mulligan

South: Harris

Who were the Bushwhackers?

motivated by slavery, Confederate independence

Who were the Jayhawkers?

FOR slavery

Who was Quantrill?

apart of the battle of Independence, raids in Kansas, he was a famous guerilla

Who was the Union commander that dealt with the guerillas?

THomas Ewing, arrested the wives and sisters of these guerillas

What was the Order Number 11?

isssued because Quantrill raided Lawrence, wanted to remove citizens from parts of 4 countries that bordered Kansas and gives them 2 weeks to get out

Why did planters stop giving cotton to the South?

1) G.B. did not want to be involved in the war

2) G.B. did not like to be blackmailed

3) G.B. had good harvest

4) G.B. could buy it from somewhere else

What did Grant do in the Battle of Cold Harbor?

broke railroad arteries that were supplying Lee...this battle lasted 25 miles and 9 months

What was Sherman's march to the sea?

devestating for Georgia, Sherman cuts through railroad lines, and destroys S.C.

Who won the election of 1864?

Lincoln, McClellan came in as a Democrat

What were the 4 points given in Lincoln's Second Inagural Address?

1) the war was caused by a powerful interest of slavery in the South

2) in searching for the meaning of war, they came to view it as divine punishment for sin of slavery

3) the country must see the war to its end, when both sides might be cleansed and regenerated

4) believed it would "ware as well as anything I have produced"

What hapenned on April 9th, 1865?

Lee sureendedered to Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse

How was the South transformed?

1) planters are homeless

2) freed slaves have many problems

What was included in the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction?

Dec 1863,

1)said that Southerners who took an oath of allegience to the US and accepted abolition of slavery were pardoned

2)said that in any state where the number of white males who took the oath equalled 10% of the number of voters in 1860 could be re-admitted

What was the Wade-Davis Reconstruction Plan?

raised admission to 50%, was killed with a Pocket Veto

What were the two things included in Johnson's Proclamation?

1) Blanket Amnesty

2) Named Provision Governors

What did the Freedman's Bureau do?

helped develop the system of sharecropping and helped to facilitate education for the freedmen

What was the original goal of the KKK?

wanted to destroy the Republican party

What did the Radical Republicans believe?

the Fortified Rights Theory (states as an entity were still states

What did Thaddeus Stevens believe?

the Southerners were at the absolute will of the victors

What did Charles Sumner believe?

the Southern states had reverted to the status of unorganized territories and therefore are subject to the will of Congress

What were the 3 goals of Congress during Reconstruction?

1) to re-incorporate the South into the Union on an equal basis

2) to transititon from slave labor to free wage labor

3) to enforce equal civil and political rights for A.As

What did the Civil Rights Act do?

gave citizenship to native born A.A's

defined blacks as equal citizens

gave Federal courts the power to enfroce those rights

What 3 things did the 14th amendment include? (the citizenship amendment)

1) says that you are a citizen of the US if you are born or naturalized in the US

2) forbade a state from denying rights without due process

3) says a state must uphold the Bill of Rights

What did the 13th amendment do?

outlawed slavery

What were the Reconstruction Acts of 1866?

1) divided the South into 5 miliitary districts

2) any males 21 or over could vote

3) had to ratify 14th amendment and guarentee rights in Constituions

What was the army Approopriations Act?

said that everything had to go through Grant

What was the 10 years of Office Act?

required Senate permission for the Prez to remove any office holder who the Senate confirmed

What did the 15 amendment do?

said the right to vote cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude

Why was Hayes elected?

because federal troops were removed from the South

What 2 things did Reconstruction accomplish?

1) reincorperated Southern states

2) changed from slave labor to free will labor

What didn't Reconstruction achieve/

to enforce social, political, and economical rights