Sampada Level 2 - Unit 2 (Various Dance Forms of India)

Origin of Kuchipudi

Kuchelapuram, Andhra Pradesh, in Telugu region

Why was Kuchipudi Created?

Sri Siddhendra Yogi made Kuchipudi. Before him, theer was a period called Yakshagaana. Becasue he got a dream where L0rd Krishna told him to wrie a story about bring a flower to Satya bhama.

What is the piece-de-resistance called of Kuchipudi?

BHama Kalapam

Who granted a copper plate in 1675 A.D.?

Nawab of Golconda, Abul Hasan Tanishah

Who changed Kuchipudi's format?

Sri Vedantam Lakshminarayana Shashtry made it solo format and could be performed by women

Who was important in Kuchipudi?

Sri Vedantam Lakshminarayana Shashtry, Vepati CHinna Satyam, Smt Shobha Naidu and Smt Rama Rao

What is teh technique of Kuchipudi?

It is fast rhythmic footwork, also elegant and flowy, and the basic stance is ardhamandali

Repertoire of Kuchipudi

Ganesha Vandana, Padam, Jathiswaram, Shabdham, Jaavali, Ashtapadi, Annamarchaya Keerthana, Thyagaraja Kritus, Bhama Kalaapam, Shlokam, Thillana. Tarangam is when balancing on a brass plate and balancing apot of water on teh head

Music of Kuchipudi and BHarathanatyam

Focused on Carnatic music, vocalist, Suttradhar or Nattuvanar who plays the nattvangam and sings the sollukattu, mridangist, violinist, veena and flutist

Costume of Kuchipudi

Makeup is done for facial features. The sari which wrapped with a gochi, voddiyanam, raagadi, chutti and surya-chandra, maatilu and jhmikilu, haaram, gajjalu and adecorted plait with flowers

What are the texts used in Kuchipudi?

Abhinaya darpana, Natya Shashtra, Nritta Ratnavali

Where did Bharathanatyam originate?

Tanjoor District, Tamil Nadu

What was the starting of Bharathanatyam?

It was performed by deva dasis as prayer and known as dasiattam. Thye could play many instruments and read religious scriptures.

Who gave patronage to Bharatanatyam?

Rajaraja -1; he made nata mandirs and temples for bharathanatyam. The 108 karanas, sculptures at Chidambaram temple and more show.

What happened during the Maratha period and what group formed during this time?

Before those were Pandya and Nayaka. It was called Sadir Nautch. During teh time of Raja Serfoij the 2, the four sons of Subbarayar nattuvanar were teh court musicians and dancers. They were Chinniah, Ponniah, Shivanandam and Vadivelu and known as teh Tanjore Quartet. They changed the name to Sadirattam

Why did BHarathanatyam disappear for a short period of time?

the britihs ruled and people didn't care and disrepected it, and people performed it in secret.

Who broughgt back BHarathanatyam and when?

In 1930s, Sri Krishna E, Iyer brought out Sadir attam and gave lectures and emonstrations. Smt. Rukmini Devi Arundale really helped him in his movement.

What are teh different styles of BHarthanatyam?

Pandanallur - Guru Pandanalur Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai of Pandanallur in tamilnadue

Vazhvoor - Guru Vazhvoor Ramaih Pillaoi of Vazhvoor in Tamilnadu

Tanjavoor, Melathr, Kanjeevaram and Kalkshetra ar emore/ They have different advaus and execution style.

What is teh tecnique of Bharathanatyam?

Its is geometrical. There are triangle in aramanid posture, linear lines in the arm movemnts. The baisc unit of danc eis adavu . Nritta and abhnayam are also important in a performance

Repertoire of Bharatanatyam?

It is referred as teh margam. First is Allarippu, Jathiswaram, Shabdham, Varnam, Padam, Thillana and SLokhabhinaya. Sometimes the Kurathi dance or snake dance. alarippu is a pure danc eand Jathuswaram. In shabdham, abhinaya is introduced for teh first time. Varnam tests thee skill of teh dancer.

Music of Raas?

The Raas music includes Khol or MrIdangam, Majira (cymbals), and flute with a highly evolved Vaishnavaite taala system.

Costume of Bharathanatyam??

Makeup to hoglight facial features; heavily bejeweled, and teh rakodi which decked with flowers and on aplait and kunjalam at the end. Chutti, chundra perai, surya perai, Jhmiki, maatal, Addigai, haaram, voddiyanam, bangles and slangai are teh different ornaments worn. The costume is a stitched sari with pleated fans in teh front.

Texts of BHarathanatyam?

Abhinaya Darpana and Natya Shashtra

Kathakali meaning and where is its roots?

Katha means story and kali means play it has its roots in chakkiar koothu, koodiyattam, Krishnattam and Ramanattam

Where did it originate Kathakali?

Kerala

Who made Kathakali into what its known as right now?

The ruler of Kottayam, Tampuran, added more themes to teh repertoire. Kerala kalamandalam is one of teh premeir institutions that train in kathakali

Technique of kathakali?

Its filled with abhinaya and elaborate facial expressions. The basic stance is sama mandalam, which is teh half-sitting postion. The feet are placed a aprt with th etoes curled and outer soles on the ground.

Music of Kathakali?

Instruments include the Chenda, Maddalam, Idakka, Chengila, Ilathalam and Shanku. Sopana Sangeetham is teh funda

Kathakali Makeup?

Aharya abhinaya is a vital role imn kathakali. Red (Knife-like)is used to denote wicked characters, Green(pacha) is used to denote kings or queens or divine characters, The chutti is made from a paste of ground rice that runs along teh chin, In chuvana tadi (red beard) it denotes demonic characters, vella tadi (white beard) is to denote pure souls like Hanuman and Karuttha tadi (black beard) is to denote forest dwellers or aboriginal people.

Kathakali Costume?

The top is a full-sleeve, hih necked jacket. Then they have multilayered skirts and necklaces that reack all teh way to th eend of teh jacket. Teh females wear a tight-fitting red jacket, a veil which covers a bun, a white sari and minukku (shining) makeup

Texts of Kathakali?

Balarama Bharatam and Hasthalakshana Deepika

Origin of Manipuri dance?

Manipur

What are the different techniques during teh pre-vaishnavite period?

Lai Haraoba which was teh main dance and thang ta that had martial arts incorporated into it

What are the different techniques during teh vaishnavite period?

During thsi period of time, rasleela was created by King BHagyachandra. Sankirtana was formed where Vasihnavas offered prayers to Lord Lrishna.

What styles came from Sankirtana?

Pung Cholam and Kartaal Cholam

What is teh technique of Manipuri?

The Raas dancers weave figures of 8, s shapes circular and serpentine patterns with teh movement sof teh hand. Tandava and Laasya are incorporated into Manipuri.

What is teh costume for women in Manipuri?

The female dancers wear a stif skirt called teh Potloi that has zari and mirror works. They also wear veil over their head. The gopis wear red and radha stands out in green.

What is teh costume for men in Manipuri?

krishna wears a yellow dhoti, a dark velvet jacket and a crown of peacock feathers. Its called Natver besh.

What is teh costume for men in Sankirtana?

A spotless white dhoti, a white turban and a folded shawl

What is the Raas music like?

The Raas music includes Khol or MrIdangam, Majira (cymbals), and flute with a highly evolved Vaishnavaite taala system.

Music in Manipuri?

Its provided by the Pung which is percussion instrument. There is drums, the flute, cymbals, conch shell, a trumpet-like horn and vocals. North-Eastern India music

Why was Mohinattam created?

It is believed it is teh dance of teh divine enchantress Mohini which was firs performed by Bhairavi (Parvathi) for Lord Shiva and then by Lord Vishnu to take the amrutham from the demons and kill Bhasmasure, the demon king.

When was Mohiniattam reshaped?

In the middle of 18th century in the court of Maharaja Swathia Thirunal of Travancore, Kerala. Its was reshaped by dancers and nattuvanars from Tanjavur. The Maharaja is credited with its popularization. Due to Sri Vallathol Narayana Menon, there was teh establishment of teh Kerala Kalamandalam

What is teh technique of MOhiniattam?

Its uses the use of ardhamandalam. The movements are curved in shape and has a sway movement.

What is teh music used in Mohiniattam?

Sopana Sangeetham is the funda. Sopana which means step, has a sound for every dance step. The percussion is teh Edakka, Maddallam, Mridangam and the cymbals. Others includ ethe vocalist, veena and flutists.

What is teh costume and ornaments worn in Mohiniattam?

The dress is a ivory silk costume brocaded with gold borders. Its inspired by teh kasava mund. The front has a wide pleated fan. There is teh chutti over the head, earings with big studs which thoda necklaces, waist belt and bangles are the various ornaments worn. The hair is tied in a bun tilted to one side and bedecked with flowers or worn in a plait. There are bells on the ankled.

What texts are used in Mohiniattam?

Hasthalakshana Deepika

What is teh origin of MOhiniattam?

Kerala

What is teh origin of Odissi?

Odisha

Why was Odissi created?

To honor Lord Jagannath

Who are Maharis and Gotipuas?

Maharis ar ethe female dancers or Odissi and Gotipua are the male dancers.

Who are rulers that gave paronage to Orissa?

Chodaganga Deva in the 11th century and King Kapilendra Deva who consturcted nata mandirs in the Lord Jagannath temple.

Who were the Gurus that brought back Odissi post-indian independence?

Guru Kelucharan, Mohapatra, Guru Pankaj Charan Das and more did extensive research and brough it back.

What is teh tecnique of Odissi?

The main postures are Chauka which resembles Lord Jagannath's idol and Tribhangi which resembles Lord Krishna.

What starts the performance of an Odissi dancer?

Mangalcharab to invoke blessings of Lord Jagannath to begin teh performance and then salutations to Mother Earth, the teacher, the accompaniments and then the audience.

What is the costume and makeup of Odissi?

There is teh use of silver ornaments.A bright sari is worn. They also wear ankle bells and normal ornaments liek other dances.

What is the music of Odissi?

The Mardala or Pakhaawaaj which is a drum, sitar, vocals, violin or other stringed instrument, flute and cymbals. The guru or mardala player usualy recites the rthymic syllables. The style of music si raga based and smimilar to carnatic and Hinduism.

What are the texts used in Odissi?

Abhinaya Chandrika

Where is Chhau originated from?

Odissa, West Bengal and Jharkand

What does Chhau mean?

Some say its derived from Chhaya wich means masks, shadows or image or Chhauni whihc means military camp

What is the main technique of Chhau?

There is martial arts incorporated in Chhau

What is Purulia Chhau?

Its from west bengal and has heavy acrobatic jumps, somersaults. It also has heavy shaking of teh shoulders and teh torso taht sets it unique compared to teh other types.

What is teh costume of Chhau?

Masks and sophistacted headgears are worn in Purulia and Seraikela Chhau but not Mayurbhanj Chhau.

What is Seraikela Chhau and what is their costume?

Its from Jharkhand and uses clay, layered paper and cotton masks. They used to be bamboo butthen changed to papier mache. Its very lyrical and the most stylized compared to oteh rtypes of Chhau

What is Mayubhanj Chhau?

It originated in Odisha. It took more shape during teh reign of Maharaja Krushna Chandra BHanja Deo. Masks are NOT used in this form of dance

Where is Sattriya from?

Assam

Who made Sattriya?

The gret=at saint Srimanta Sankardev. He mad ethe group of Sattras that danced to celebrate their Hindu beliefs and its teachings.

History of Sattriya

Its 5 centuries old and has gone under no changes. Sattras (monasetries who wanted to spread Hinduism) performed this dance.

Technique of Sattriya?

The steps are circular in nature and many leaps and jumps are performed. Monks (Bhokots) previously performed it.

Costume and Makeup of Sattriya female dancers?

Long skirts with floral designs and stiff fans on teh fronts and teh sides. The silk sarees are either white or offwhite. THe makeup is alarge red bindi with dark eyes and red lips. There flower skept in the hair

Costume and Makeup of Sattriya male dancers?

They wear a white Kurta-dhoti with a white tubrna along with a tulsi mala which is a necklace made form several parts of teh tulsi plant

What is the music used in Sattriya?

It uses its Northeast India taala system. The "metronome" is khol. Other insturments include cymbals, vocals and stringed instruments.

Where is Kathak from?

Northern India; Katha means story

Story tellers were called what in Kathak?

Kathakaars and narrated stroies about hindu mythology

What happened after the Mughal Invasion?

The temples were destroyed which provided the support for kathakaars. They scattered ; some went to Muslim rulers, some secretly practiced and some went under Rajput rulers.

What are the Lucknow Gharana of Kathak?

Wajid Ali Shah, the last Nawab of Oudh provided the much needed patronage. He made Lucknow Gharana which has a strong accent on emotions (bhava). Birju Maharaj also helped.

What is teh Jaipur Gharana?

It originated and developed under Hindu rulers and known for its rythmic virtuosity.

Banaras Gharana?

It was developed by pandit Sukhdev Maharaj and known for its natwari. (dance beats)

What is the main technique of Kathak?

Its a pure dance. The legs are straight, not to the side or forward. The feet are tapped in rhythmic movements. There are no extreme bends at the torso or waist. Tatkar (footwork) and Chakkars (Pirouettes) are the most important features of Kathak.

What is the costume of Kathak?

Ghaghra/Lehanga choli or kurt oyjama or angrakha-churidhar. Its required for a dancer to wear ghunghuroos that have 100-200 bells. They also wear all teh normal ornaments for everything else.

What is teh music used in Kathak?

The tabla is the main drum. It replaced the Pakhawaaj. The others include vocalist, harmonium player, the sitar player and the flutist. Sometimes santoor and sarangi are seen.