APUSH Roaring 20s/Great Depression/WW2

Normalcy:

The United States returned to a Laissez Faire/isolation period after WW1.

Dawes Plan:

Helped Germany pay for the war debts by giving them a loan, which they would pay off over time to the United States. This helped their economy revive and eventually led to the rise of Hitler.

Palmer Raids:

A series of violent/abusive law enforcement raids directed at leftist radicals during the red scare. Thousands of suspected anarchists and communists were arrested, and hundreds were deported.

Emergency Quota Act:

Made a quota that limited the amount of immigrants to 3% because of increased fear of immigrants and nationalism after ww1.

Consumerism:

The rise of consumerism in the 1920s was because of an increase in production, technology, and new advertising methods. People bought things that they did not need, on credit card, taking on debt which they could not afford to pay off.

Henry Ford:

Revolutionized production using the assembly line methods; made cars more affordable.

Al Capone:

Dominated organized crime in Chicago and became one of the most famous mobsters in U.S. history.

Marcus Garvey:

A leader of the Pan- Africanism and Black Nationalist movements.

John Scopes:

A public school teacher who went against the law by teaching the theory of evolution in public school. His trial sparked a clash between science and religion.

Margaret Sanger:

Founded the birth control movement and became an outspoken advocate for women’s reproductive rights.

Bonus Army:

World War I veterans were promised a bonus for serving in the war, and when they tried to cash in on this bonus during the great depression, the U.S. government would not agree and mistreated them.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation:

A financial institution sponsored by the U.S. government to make loans to failing banks in order to revive them.

Supply Side Economics:

Putting money into the top of the economy so that it will trickle down to smaller businesses.

Hoovervilles:

Shanty towns built by homeless people in the great depression named after president Herbert Hoover because he did not help much in pulling the country out of the depression/was blamed for being in it.

Fireside Chats:

A series of influential radio broadcasts in which Roosevelt spoke his ideals directly to the American public which helped gain him trust and understanding.

SEC:

Securities and Exchange commission; ensures fair, orderly, and efficient capital markets.

Social Security:

The working class pay towards a retirement fund of the generation before them, and when they retire they will have money from the generation after them.

Supreme Court Packing:

FDR proposed a bill to extend the membership of the supreme court, to add one justice for every justice over the age of 70.

FDIC:

A government agency that protects banks depositors, making sure that their deposits are secure incase of bank failure. Maintains confidence and stability of the public in the banking system.

Dust Bowl:

A period of drought and dust storms in the great plains during the 1930s due to poor agricultural practices and erosion.

TVA:

A federal agency created in 1933 to address problems in the Tennessee River Valley. Aimed to improve the regions economy, environment, and quality of life.

Keynesian Economics:

Pumping money directly to the bottom of the economy to create jobs and boost demand.

Wagner Act/ Fair Labor Standards:

Granted workers safe workplaces, minimum wage, overtime pay, no child labor, and led may union workers to join the democratic party.

Nutrality Acts/ Johnson Debt Default:

Americans were no longer allowed to board ships of countries who were at war and were not allowed to sell weapons/ lend money to other countries.

Destroyer Deal:

The U.S. traded Britain 50 destroyers for military bases in the Caribbean.

Cash and Carry policy:

The United States could sell weapons to Britain and other countries, but they had to pay directly in cash and carry the weapons back to their ships.

Lend Lease Act:

The U.S. will let countries “borrow” supplies and they will be returned. Got around the neutrality acts.

Pearl Harbor:

On December 7, 1941, Japanese military attacked the U.S. naval base Pearl Harbor. This led American to declare war on Japan and enter ww2.