Anat 1 Lecture - Ch. 8 Joints

Move

Functional classification is based on how much it can __________

Synarthroses

A joint which is immovable

Amphiarthroses

A joint which is slightly moveable

Diarthroses

A joint which is freely moveable

Fibrous joints

If the bones are held together by collagen fibers, the joint is classified structurally as:

Cartilaginous Joints

If the bones are held together by cartilage, the joint is classified structurally as:

Synovial Joints

If there is a joint cavity filled with fluid, the joint is classified structurally as:

Suture

The fibrous joints between the skull bones are called:

Syndesmosis

The fibrous joint between the fibula and tibia is called:

Syndesmosis

The fibrous joint between the radius and ulna is called:

Gomphosis

The fibrous joints between the teeth and jaw bones are called:

Suture and gomphosis

Of the 3 fibrous joints, which two are immobile in an adult?

Syndesmosis

Of the 3 fibrous joints, which allows slight movement due to having longer fibers?

Synchondrosis

If the bones are held together by hyaline cartilage, the joint is a:

Symphyses

If the bones are held together by fibrocartilage, the joint is a:

Synchondrosis

What type of joint is the epiphyseal plate?

Synchondrosis

What type of joint is the joint between 1st rib and sternum?

Symphyses

What type of joints are the joints between the vertebrae?

Symphyses

What type of joint is the joint between the pubic bones?

Synostosis

Synchondroses ossify (change of bone) in adults, then they are called:

Marrow cavity

Label A

Spongy bone

Label B

Periosteum

Label C

Synovial membrane

Label D

Articular cartilage

Label E

Joint cavity (containing synovial fluid)

Label F

Articular capsule

Label G

Compact bone

Label H

Bursa

Label A

Quadriceps tendon

Label B

Patella

Label C

Synovial membrane

Label D

Fat pad

Label E

Joint capsule

Label F

Meniscus

Label G

Patellar ligament

Label H

Joint cavity

Label I

Intracapsular ligament

Label J

Is to keep the ends of the bones from rubbing on each other and prevents compression from getting to the bone

What is the function of articular cartilage?

Because cartilage doesn’t have any blood vessels and it’s not innervated, so it won’t be able to be felt (from rubbing), as that would otherwise cause pain

Why is it better to have cartilage at the end of bone than bone tissue?

2

How many layers of tissue make up the capsule?

Dense irregular CT

What tissue is the outer layer made of?

Secretes the synovial fluid

What is the function of the inner layer of the capsule (the synovial membrane)?

Lubricates the joint surfaces and reduces friction, helps to nourish articular cartilage, shock absorption

What are the 3 functions of synovial fluid?

When synovial fluid is sucked up by cartilage and squeezed out when joint is moved

What is meant by “weeping lubrication”

Ligament

What is the name of the structure that holds bone on to bone?

Tendon

What is the name of the structure that holds muscle on to bone?

Dense regular CT

What tissue are both ligaments and tendons made of?

Outside

Are extracapsular ligaments inside or outside the joint capsule?

Inside

Are intracapsular ligaments inside or outside the joint capsule?

Anterior cruciate ligament

You often hear of athletes tearing their ACL. What does the acronym ACL stand for?

Posterior cruciate ligament

You often hear of athletes tearing their PCL. What does the acronym PCL stand for?

No because they have limited blood supply

Do ligaments heal up quickly if damaged? Why not?

Knee

Name 1 place in the body where a meniscus is found?

Fibrocartilage

What tissue is a meniscus made of?

Help to protect the articular surfaces, help to improve the fit or articular surfaces that are not congruent, and spread stress evenly over bone

List 3 functions of a meniscus?

Bursae

A sac full of synovial fluid is called a:

Elbow

Name 1 place that a bursae is found in the body:

Tendon sheath

A sheet which contains synovial fluid and surrounds tendons is called:

They reduce friction and keep things from rubbing against each other

What is the function of bursae and tendon sheaths?

Bursitis

Inflammation of a bursae is called:

Linear

Gliding movements where one bone slides over another is called ______ motion

Angular

If bending a body part decreases the angle between 2 bones, that is called _____ motion

Rotation

If a bone can spin (rotate) inside the body, that is called

Multiaxial

Which joint can make the most movements? Non-axial, Uniaxial, multiaxial?

Extension

A movement that increases the angle of a joint and the distance between two bones

Hypertension

An extension that proceeds beyond anatomical position

Dorsiflexion

A movement of the ankle joint that lifts the foot so that its superior surface approaches the skin

Elevation

Lift body part up (superiorly)

Plantar Flexion

A movement of the ankle in which the foot is flexed downward as if standing on ones toes or pointing the toes

Abduction

Movement of a limb away from the midline or median plane of the body

Flexion

A movement that decreases the angle of the joint and reduces the distance between two bones

Adduction

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

Circumduction

Drawing a cone in space

Supination

Movement of the palm into anatomical position (You can hold the soup)

Pronation

Movement of palm from anterior facing to posterior facing position (pour the soup)

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot medially

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot laterally

Protraction

Push body part forward

Retraction

Pull body part backward

Opposition

The special movement where every finger can touch the thumb

Depression

Pull body part down

Ligaments

What tissue is damaged in a sprain?

Ligaments tend to have poor blood supply and blood is needed to heal injuries and tears

Why does it take a long time for a sprain to heal?

Osteoarthritis

The wear and tear arthritis which 90% of people get as they get older is called:

Rheumatoid arthritis

A type of arthritis which is an autoimmune disease is:

Gout

People who eat protein rich diets deposits crystals of sodium ureate in their joints. That disease is called: