period 4 apush

period 4 apush

What years are APUSH Period 4?

1800–1848.

What is the main political change in Period 4?

More white men can vote because property rules are dropped.

What is the main economic change in Period 4 called?

The Market Revolution (national economy with more trade, factories, and transportation).

Which three regions had different roles in the economy in Period 4?

North = industry, South = cotton and slavery, West = food and farming.

What are the three biggest themes of Period 4?

More democracy for white men, the Market Revolution, and fights over expansion and slavery.

Who was the famous Chief Justice during Period 4?

John Marshall.

What did John Marshall’s Court usually do about federal vs state power?

It strengthened the federal government over the states.

What is judicial review?

The power of the Supreme Court to say a law is unconstitutional.

Which case created judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison (1803).

What did McCulloch v. Maryland say about the national bank?

Congress can create a national bank, and states cannot tax it.

What big idea about power came from McCulloch v. Maryland?

Federal power is stronger than state power.

What did Gibbons v. Ogden say about trade between states?

Only Congress can control interstate commerce (trade between states).

What did Dartmouth College v. Woodward protect?

It protected private contracts and said states cannot change them.

What did Fletcher v. Peck show about state laws and contracts?

The Supreme Court can strike down a state law and protect contracts.

Who is the main “common man” president in Period 4?

Andrew Jackson.

How did Jacksonian Democracy change voting?

More white men could vote because property requirements mostly ended.

What is the spoils system?

Giving government jobs to political supporters.

What did Jackson think about the Bank of the United States?

He hated it and thought it favored the rich.

What did Jackson do in the Bank War?

He vetoed the Bank and moved federal money into “pet banks.”

What was the Indian Removal Act (1830)?

A law that forced Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River.

What was the Trail of Tears?

The deadly forced march of the Cherokee people to lands in the West.

What was the Nullification Crisis mainly about?

South Carolina trying to cancel (nullify) a federal tariff.

How did Andrew Jackson respond to South Carolina in the Nullification Crisis?

He threatened to use force with the Force Bill but also accepted a lower compromise tariff.

What is the Market Revolution in simple words?

The shift to a national market with more trade, factories, and transportation.

Which region became the center of factories and industry during Period 4?

The North.

Which region focused on cotton and slavery?

The South.

Which region focused on food and new farms?

The West.

What did the Erie Canal do?

It connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean and made shipping cheaper.

How did steamboats help the economy?

They made river travel faster and allowed boats to go upstream.

What was the Lowell system?

Textile mills in Massachusetts that hired young farm women to work in factories.

How did the Market Revolution change where people lived and worked?

More people moved to cities and worked for wages instead of farming.

Which invention made cotton production faster and increased slavery?

The cotton gin.

What was the Second Great Awakening?

A major religious revival movement in the early 1800s.

What key idea about people did the Second Great Awakening teach?

People have free will and can choose to be saved.

How did the Second Great Awakening affect society?

It inspired many reform movements to fix problems in society.

What did the temperance movement want?

To reduce or ban alcohol use.

What did abolitionists want?

To end slavery.

What was the Seneca Falls Convention (1848)?

The first major women’s rights meeting in the United States.

What famous line was changed at Seneca Falls?

“All men and women are created equal.”

Who was Horace Mann and what did he support?

An education reformer who pushed for public schools.

Who was Dorothea Dix and what did she reform?

A reformer who worked to improve prisons and mental hospitals.

What did the Louisiana Purchase (1803) do?

It doubled the size of the United States and gave control of the Mississippi River.

What big problem came with gaining more western land?

Arguments over whether new states would be free or slave.

What was the goal of the Missouri Compromise (1820)?

To keep a balance between free states and slave states.

In the Missouri Compromise, which state was slave and which was free?

Missouri was a slave state and Maine was a free state.

What line of latitude did the Missouri Compromise use to divide free and slave areas?

36°30'.

What was the main message of the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?

Europe should not make new colonies or interfere in the Western Hemisphere.

How did the Monroe Doctrine see the role of the United States in the Americas?

As a protector or “big brother” of the Western Hemisphere.