Lesson 14- Reproduction and Heredity

Asexual reproduction

• creating offspring with a single parent

• NO fusion of gametes

• offspring are generally identical to parents

Sexual reproduction

• two parents

• fusion of gametes

• offspring have unique traits from two parents

2 forms of asexual reproduction

• Binary fission (in bacteria, 1 chromosome)

• mitosis (in eukaryotes, 2+ chromosomes)

4 Ways Multicellular organisms can reproduce Asexually

• Budding (hydra)

• Vegetative reproduction (plants)

• Regeneration (starfish)

• Creating clones 

Sexual reproduction brings ___

variation, good for humans

What is genetics?

field of study involving inheritance and hereditary variation

What is heredity?

transmission of traits from one generation to the next, also called inheritance

What is variation?

differences between parents and their offsprings

Hereditary traits are passed from one generation to the next in the form of ____

genes

What is a gene?

discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of specific sequence in DNA

Where are genes located?

on chromosomes

Locus

specific location on any part of the chromosome

The locus of a particular gene is always found on the same ____ of everyone’s chromosome

location

Alleles

each homologous chromosome can have different versions of the same gene

Ploidy

the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

Somatic cells have what polidy?

diploid

Gametes have what ploidy?

haploid

Each species has a distinct number of ___

chromosomes

What is humans “n” number?

23 

What is humans “2n” number?

diploid