oceanography tests 1-3

adjacent ridge axes

The motion between the two sides of a transform fault is greatest between the

30 degrees East

If a clock is set to Greenwich mean time and the sun is observed to reach its zenith at 10:00 A.M., what is the longitude?

subside with time

Darwin thought that inactive volcanic seamounts on top of the oceanic crust will

in some submarine canyons

Turbidity currents or turbidites, are produced

waters heat capacity

Extreme variation in the ocean's temperature is prevented by the

Ben Franklin

The Gulf Stream was first noted on an oceanographic chart by

15 degrees wide

A time zone is approximately

1 to 10 cm/yr

Seafloor spreading is continuing at a rate of approximately

Oceanic trenches, active earthquake zones, and island arc systems.

Which of the following are found along subduction zones?

Mariana

The deepest depth of the oceans, Challenger Deep, is located in which trench? .

4.6 X 10^9

The age of the earth is estimated

created at spreading centers.

Magnetic stripes on the sea floor

guyots

Flat-topped, submerged seamounts are referred to

71% of the earths surface

Water covers

bacteria.

The history of life on Earth includes the fact that the earliest life forms were probably

meteorites ages

The best estimate for the age of the Earth comes from

increases as the core is approached

The density of earth materials

3800 m

The average depth of the oceans is

Terrigenous

Which type of sediment is the greatest contributor, on a world scale, to the sediments of the neritic zone?

hypsographic curve

Relationships between oceanic depths or land elevations and the earth's area are shown on a

the Hawaiian islands / Cook

and were the location where he was killed....(these islands and this explorer)

Cosmogenous materials.

Which of the following is least likely to be a major component of marine sediments?

no oxygen

The Earth's atmosphere contained...

observation of icebergs from Anarctica and discovering Hawaii

The voyage of Captain James Cook are associated with the

convection; conduction

Liquids heated from below distribute the added heat____;whereas the still surface of liquids heated from above distributes the added heat by diffusion and ____

series of volcanic peaks on a moving plate

A fixed volcanic hot spot on the earth tends to produce a

basalt layer, far from spreading centers

The oceans' oldest sediments are found on top of the...

Hawaii away (northwest) from the continent of north america

The pacific plate is carrying

how coral reef islands grow

The voyage of the Beagle and Charles Darwin are associated with a suggestion on

16 C

The mean surface temperature of the earth is about

people rioted in the streets

When Parliament changed to the Gregorian calendar in 1752

decreases with distance from shore

The particle size of terrigenous sediments generally

mantle material

In Plate Tectonic theory, the deepest portion of the rigid lithospheric crustal plates is formed from

last 200 million years

Using ages of sediments as a criterion, the present ocean basins were created during

The Moho

located between the crust and the mantle

diatoms at high latitudes and radiolarians at low latitudes

The silica rich oozes of the Pacific Ocean are due to

the depth of the water is 4500 meters

If a sound pulse is sent vertically downward into the sea and its reflected echo from the sea floor returns 6 seconds later,

60 nautical miles

One degree of latitude is about equal to

Lithogenous

sediment is derived from rock

international prices in metal limit economics, unresolved legal ownership problems, and technical and developmental problems and costs.

Manganese nodule mining has not developed because of international

4 C

Fresh water has its maximum density at

abyssal plain

The floor of a major ocean basin is called an

H.M.S. Challenger

The global approach to ocean studies began with the voyage of the

66 1/2 N; 23 1/2 S

The area north of____; when the sun is directly over ___

hydrogenous sediments

Manganese nodules and oolites

convection cells in the mantle

The mechanism causing the crustal plates to move is thought to be produced by ...

6.371x10^6 meters

The mean radius of the earth is

Tethys Sea

The seaway that separated Laurasia and Godwanaland was the

180 degrees

During the next magnetic reversal, the magnetic force field surrounding the earth will shift by

ocean ridge system

Higher seafloor heat flow values are found near

wave speed, duration, and fetch

Wave height of wind waves depends on

clockwise rotation

High pressure systems in the northern hemisphere rotate in a

extends to a depth equal to one-half the wavelength

The orbital motion of a deep water wave

the strength of the correolis effect

A primary factor for westward intensification of currents is

90 degrees left of the wind motion in the Southern Hemisphere

The average net movement of all water affected by the wind is

northeasterly current

The Gulf Stream is an example of a

rotation of the earth on its axis

The Coriolis effect arises primarily from the

concentrate wave energy on headlands and disperse wave energy in bays

The refraction of waves tends to

gravity

e principal restoring force for wind-driven waves in a sea is

right in the Northern Hemisphere, left in the southern hemisphere and has no effect on the equator

The Coriolis effect deflects to the

the earths average temperature will change

If the solar heat budget on the Earth does not balance

higher temperature of that water mass

Mediterranean Sea water spilling into the Atlantic is identified by the

Antarctica, flows north, and is the Antarctic Bottom water

The coldest, deepest, densest water in the oceans is formed around

winds and currents

The surplus of solar radiation received at the equator is carried to the poles by

the water particle orbits are elliptical and flatten with increasing depth of the water

In a shallow water wave,

the annual range of temperatures is greater for the land than in the oceans

In the Northern Hemisphere at the middle latitudes

periodic increase and decrease with the seasons each year

Carbon Dioxide content of the atmosphere shows a

with the depth of the water

The speed of a shallow water wave varies

shallow water wave

A tsunami is an example of a

observing the rain shadow effect and rising humid air cooling to create precipitation

The mountains of the U.S. Pacific Northwest are an example of

downwelling and low productivity

A zone of surface convergence is an area of

water layers of differing salinity and temperature, processes at great depth in the ocean add heat causing upwelling, and atmospheric processes control conditions at the surface

Layering in the oceans occurs because surface processes form

atmosphere and photosynthesis

Sources of oxygen in the open sea include the

weathering of the earth's crust and volcanic eruptions

Sources of the oceans' salt are believed to include