Spanish Civil War

MEMORIZE!

CNT

National Confederation of Labor (T=Trabajador); revolutionary anarchist labor organization that formed prior to SCW

UGT

Genereal Union of Workers; trade union founded by Barcelona Printing workers in 1888 that supported Left-wing groups. Led a strike in 1909 and responsible for the first trade union member being elected to parliament

Primo de Rivera

Former Right-Wing Dictator in Spain until 1930 who established martial law and imposed a strict system of censorship

FAI

Federation of Iberian Anarchist Organizations; Anarchis group from the CNT that sided with Left in Popular Front in 1936. Used extreme methods to accomplish goals of labor improvements and regionalism

FNTT

Federation of Land Workers; militant socialist-led peasant workers with over 1 million people. Born from frustrations of unequal land

Anti-Clericism

Movement against Catholic Church in Spain for Left-Wing Republicans to unify and reform agains church influence and resulted in agression towards church leaders

Nationalists

Nationalist Front was the right-wing wealthy and military officers led by Franco and assisted by the church

Republicans

Political coalition of anarchists, socialists, and communists

Guernica

site of a 1937 German bombing on Spanish civilians that was approved by Franco.

Francisco Franco

Conservative monarchist caudillo of Spain that started a military coup and began the SCW to overthrow the republic

Second Spanish Republic

Government from 1931 to 1939, divided because of the divided because of the different groups of the popular front

Juntas

Military councils that led Africanista troops and took a role in crushing left-wing revolts

Africanistas

A brutal military group based in Spanish Morocco that provided troops to Franco’s forces

Asturias

Mining protesters in Asturias region took over police barracks that gave the right a reason to revolt against the left

Catalan Seperatists

Catalonia was initailly under spanish rule but these people wanted it to separate from spain

Falange

Fascist movement influenced by right-wing dictatorships with anti-communist and nationalist ideals

CNCA

Nationalist Catholic Landowners who were persecuted by the anti-catholic left wing republicans and supported the right

CEDA

Catholic wealthy landowners who were not successful in political objectives and turned to Fascist Franco

Jose Maria de Robles

Right-Wing Catholic journalist who started CEDA

Popular Front

A 1936 coalition of the left wing

Jose Calvo Sotelo

Right wing political leader who was assassinated and sparked the outbreak of the Military against the popular front

Battle of Madrid

October 1936 to November 1939, Nationalists took seige of Madrid and won the Spanish Civil war because of division in the republican side

Alfonso XIII

King of spain that had little power, resigned, and gave power to the republic

Malaga

Italian nationalists that brutally defeated the Republicans in less than a week

“No Pasaran”

Slogan by the republicans of Madrid that resisted Francos’s entry

International Brigades

Military units of volunteers who fougbht to assist the republicans

Aragon Campaign

An Italian and German aided push through the Aragon region to reach the sea and cut of the Catalonia region

NIC

Non-Intervention Committeee that restricted the flow of foreign materials into Spain; Ignored by Germany and Italy

Condor Air Legion

German air force unit of volunteers that bombed Guernica and assisted in moving Nationalist troops

POUM

Marxist left group founded in 1935 that violently were persecuted by Stalinists that Spanish Communists embraced

Dolores Ibarruri

Spanish communist politician that rallied the left and said “No Pasaran”

Mujeres Libres

Rallying cry for women all over Spain to join in the war in fighting and factories and hospitals

George Orwell

British Marxist and writer that fought in the war and wrote anti-communist works

1938 Labor Charter

Agreement between workers and Franco that gave the people jobs but made strikes punishable by death

Law of Cortes of 1942

Powerless parliamenbt constituted by Franco that gave the facade of a consitutional government

Council of State

Franco’s cabinet or “Yes” men